{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T16:13:54Z","timestamp":1774887234433,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81701520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771654"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The testes are suspected target organs of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. However, the results of studies on the effect of COVID\u201019 on male reproduction are controversial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To summarize current research on the effects of COVID\u201019 on male reproduction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review of English literature was performed using PubMed and Ovid Embase up to 18 August 2020. Research articles on the presence of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in semen, the effects of the virus on semen parameters and any pathological changes in the testes were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen studies were included in this review. Six of 176 survivors (3.4%) and 1 of 13 decedents (7.7%) in 2 of 12 studies were positive for viral RNA in semen and testicular tissue, respectively. After stratification of patient groups, we found that the virus was detected in the relatively early stage of infection, 6\u201316\u00a0days after disease onset, in semen from survivors. Two of 3 studies reported that some participants had substandard semen quality after COVID\u201019, and 1 study found that COVID\u201019 may impair semen quality in a severity\u2010related manner. Pathological analyses showed that injuries to the seminiferous tubule occurred in all decedents (N\u00a0=\u00a011). Another study found that orchitic and testis fibrin microthrombi occurred in patients with fatal disease (100%, N\u00a0=\u00a02). Scrotal discomfort of orchiepididymitis or spermatic cord inflammation has also been reported in COVID\u201019 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current studies suggest that semen is rarely considered a carrier of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 genetic material during the infection period but not in the semen of recovered patients. Fatal COVID\u201019 may cause testicular structure damage without the presence of virus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T05:51:04Z","timestamp":1610689864000},"page":"1027-1037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["COVID\u201019 and male reproduction: Current research and unknown factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1716-6061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangcheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linjing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3906-8144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.Coronavirus disease (COVID\u20102019) situation reports.https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default\u2010source\/coronaviruse\/situation\u2010reports\/20200817\u2010weekly\u2010epi\u2010update\u20101.pdf?sfvrsn=b6d49a76_4August 18 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0443"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040920"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2311.171049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00138-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Duration of the Presence of Infectious Zika Virus in Semen and Serum","volume":"219","author":"Medina FA","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509773"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30336-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.65.2.208-231.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19507"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20704"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.044776"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050828"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2010419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","article-title":"Why does COVID\u201019 kill more elderly men than women? 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