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This can be seen in both the evaluation and treatment of intersex individuals and the use of gender\u2010affirming masculinizing therapies to help those born with a clitoris (small clitorophallus with separate urethra) enlarge or alter the function of that structure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the role of testosterone in clitorophallus development from embryo to adulthood, including how exogenous testosterone is used to stimulate clitorophallus enlargement in masculinizing gender\u2010affirming therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relevant English\u2010language literature was identified and evaluated for data regarding clitorophallus development in endosex and intersex individuals and the utilization of hormonal and surgical masculinizing therapies on the clitorophallus. Studies included evaluated the spectrum of terms regarding the clitorophallus (genital tubercle, clitoris, micropenis, penis).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endogenous testosterone, and its more active metabolite dihydrotestosterone, plays an important role in the development of the genital tubercle into the\u00a0clitorophallus, primarily during the prenatal and early postnatal periods and then again during puberty. Androgens contribute\u00a0to not only growth but also the inclusion of a urethra on the ventral aspect. Exogenous testosterone can be used to enlarge the small clitorophallus (clitoris or micropenis) as part of both intersex and gender\u2010affirming care (in transmasculine patients, up to 2\u00a0cm of additional growth).\u00a0Where testosterone is insufficient to provide the degree of masculinization desired, surgical options including phalloplasty and metoidioplasty are available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endogenous testosterone plays an important role in clitorophallus development, and there are circumstances where exogenous testosterone may be useful for masculinization. Surgical options may also help some patients reach their personal goals. As masculinizing gender\u2010affirming care advances, the options available for clitorophallus modifications will likely continue to expand and improve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T01:11:31Z","timestamp":1617930691000},"page":"1719-1728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The role of androgens in clitorophallus development and possible applications to transgender patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2442-724X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frances","family":"Grimstad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecology Department of Surgery Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Center for Gender Surgery Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4982-1323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Boskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gender Surgery Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Harvard T.H. 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