{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:20:18Z","timestamp":1785475218482,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD090468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD090468"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probability and nonprobability\u2010based studies of US transgender persons identify different disparities in health and health care access.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used TransPop, the first US national probability survey of transgender persons, to describe and compare measures of health and health access among transgender, nonbinary, and cisgender participants. We directly compared the results with 2015 US Transgender Survey (USTS) data and with previously published analyses from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All participants were screened by Gallup Inc., which recruited a probability sample of US adults. Transgender people were identified using a two\u2010step screening process. Eligible participants completed self\u2010administered questionnaires (transgender <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0274, cisgender <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01162). We obtained weighted proportions\/means, then tested for differences between gender groups. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate associations. Bivariate analyses were conducted using the weighted USTS data set for shared variables in USTS and TransPop.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transgender participants were younger and more racially diverse compared to the cisgender group. Despite equally high insurance coverage, transgender people more often avoided care due to cost concerns. Nonbinary persons were less likely to access transgender\u2010related health care providers\/clinics than transgender men and women. Transgender respondents more often rated their health as fair\/poor, with more frequently occuring poor physical and mental health days compared to cisgender participants. Health conditions including HIV, emphysema, and ulcer were higher among transgender people. TransPop and USTS, unlike BRFSS\u2010based analyses, showed no differences in health or health access.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transgender persons experience health access disparities centered on avoidance of care due to cost beyond insured status. Health disparities correspond with models of minority stress, with nonbinary persons having distinct health\/health access patterns. Despite different sampling methods, USTS and TransPop appear more similar than BRFSS studies regarding health\/health access.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Future research should elucidate health care costs for transgender and nonbinary people, while addressing methodology in national studies of transgender health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T12:45:03Z","timestamp":1621946703000},"page":"1707-1718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Health and health care access in the US transgender population health (TransPop) survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1059-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Human Sexuality Department of Family Practice and Community Health University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winston Ekaprasetia","family":"Luhur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Williams Institute School of Law University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jody L.","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Williams Institute School of Law University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonia","family":"Poteat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine Center for Health Equity Research University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan H.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Williams Institute School of Law University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/25877"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"JamesS HermanJ RankinS et\u00a0al.The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey National Center for Transgender Equality."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. 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