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The availability of new\u2010generation ultrasound machines characterized by clearly improved image quality, low health cost, and higher patient safety, represents only some characteristics of ultrasound investigation. The usefulness of scrotal ultrasonography is particularly evident in the period of life from infancy to puberty, during which males undergo important morphofunctional changes, and several pathological conditions may occur.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pictorial review primarily aimed to investigate the aspects of ultrasonography related to the normal physiological development of the gonads from mini\u2010puberty to pubertal onset. This study also aimed to provide an update on the use of ultrasonography in main andrological pathologies that may occur during this period. The conditions that are discussed in depth are: cryptorchidism, inguinoscrotal hernias, and hydrocele in the neonatal phase; acute scrotum, epididymo\u2010orchitis, and testicular cancers in childhood; and hypogonadism, varicoceles, testicular microlithiasis, and oncohematological pathology in puberty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We provided an ultrasound slant for all the above\u2010mentioned pathologies while purposely avoiding excessive deepening of the pathogenetic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects. Studying the ultrasound aspects of the gonads also facilitates differential diagnosis between various conditions and represents a good aid in evaluating therapeutic success (e.g., in hypogonadism or postsurgical evaluation of varicoceles and cryptorchidism).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scrotal ultrasonography is now globally recognized as the necessary completion of clinical\u2013laboratory overview in gonads evaluation. This diagnostic procedure is even more indispensable in the infancy\u2013childhood\u2013puberty period for the evaluation of normal gonadal development as well as diagnosis of other possible diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T14:24:17Z","timestamp":1622211857000},"page":"1306-1321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The role of scrotal ultrasonography from infancy to puberty"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5645-5766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Spaziani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Centre for Rare Diseases Policlinico Umberto I  Rome 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