{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T03:48:45Z","timestamp":1768967325572,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012707","name":"Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15849\u0413\u0423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15849\u0413\u0423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BAZ 0110\/20\u20105\u201014AB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BAZ 0110\/20\u20105\u201014AB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012189","name":"Megagrants","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14.Z50.31.0046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14.Z50.31.0046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current assessment methods of penile cavernous fibrosis in animal models have limitations due to the inability to provide complex and volume analysis of fibrotic alterations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim was to evaluate micro\u2010computed tomography for assessment of cavernous fibrosis and compare it with histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and RT\u2010PCR analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A controlled trial was performed involving 25 New Zealand male rabbits with induced testosterone deficiency by orchidectomy. Penile samples were obtained before and after 7, 14, 21, and 84 days from orchidectomy. We consistently performed (a) gray value analysis of corpora cavernosa 3D models reconstructed after micro\u2010computed tomography, (b) morphometry of smooth muscles\/connective tissue ratio, collagen type I\/III ratio, and area of TGF\u2010beta\u20101 expression in corpora cavernosa, and (c) RT\u2010PCR of TGF\u2010beta\u20101 expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Micro\u2010computed tomography allowed visualization of penile structures at a resolution comparable to light microscopy. Gray values of corpora cavernosa decreased from 1673 (1512\u20131773) on the initial day to 1184 (1089\u20131232) on the 21st day (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.005). However, on the 84th day, it increased to 1610 (1551\u20131768). On 21st and 84th days, there was observed a significant decrease in smooth muscle\/connective tissue ratio and a significant increase in collagen type I\/III ratio (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). TGF\u2010beta1 expression increased on the 84th day according to immunohistochemistry (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.005). RT\u2010PCR was impossible to conduct due to the absence of RNA in obtained samples after micro\u2010CT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Micro\u2010computed tomography provided 3D visualization of entire corpora cavernosa and assessment of radiodensity alterations by gray value analysis in fibrosis progression. We speculate that gray value changes at early and late fibrosis stages could be related to tissue reorganization. RT\u2010PCR is impossible to conduct on tissue samples studied by micro\u2010CT due to RNA destruction. We also suggest that micro\u2010computed tomography could negatively affect the immunohistochemical outcome, as a significant increase of TGF\u2010beta\u20101 expression occurs later than histological fibrotic signs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T11:26:41Z","timestamp":1625743601000},"page":"1467-1480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["X\u2010ray micro\u2010computed tomography in the assessment of penile cavernous fibrosis in a rabbit castration model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1710-0169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail I.","family":"Kogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Reproductive Health (with the Course of Pediatric Urology\u2010Andrology) Rostov State Medical University  Rostov\u2010on\u2010Don Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9223-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor V.","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Reproductive Health (with the Course of Pediatric Urology\u2010Andrology) Rostov State Medical University  Rostov\u2010on\u2010Don Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine Don State Technical University  Rostov\u2010on\u2010Don Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evgeniya Y.","family":"Kirichenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine Don State Technical University  Rostov\u2010on\u2010Don Russia"},{"name":"Academy of Biology and Biotechnology named after D. 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