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Androgens are associated with sexual function in healthy men, but the role of estrogens is less well\u2010known, and the association of these sex steroids with sexual function during AHSCT has not been characterized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of sex hormones before and acutely after AHSCT on sexual function recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined sex hormones and self\u2010reported sexual function before (PRE) and 1\u2010month post\u2010AHSCT (MONTH1; <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a019), and sexual function again 1\u2010year post\u2010AHSCT in men (YEAR1; <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a015).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sexual function decreased from PRE to MONTH1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.05) with no differences between PRE and YEAR1. Erectile dysfunction was prevalent at PRE (68.4%) and increased at MONTH1 (100%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.05) but was not different between PRE and YEAR1 (60.0%). From PRE to MONTH1, total testosterone (TT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), follicle\u2010stimulating hormone, and sex\u2010hormone\u2010binding globulin (SHBG) increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.02) while estradiol (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.026) and estrone decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.001). MONTH1 TT and DHT were associated with sexual function at MONTH1, while PRE SHBG, MONTH1 estradiol, and change in estrone predicted sexual function at YEAR1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sexual dysfunction is very prevalent prior to AHSCT and is transiently and severely worsened acutely after. AHSCT induces acute decreases in total and free estrogens, with SHBG increases leading to increases in total androgens, without changes in free androgens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Androgens and estrogens are both adversely affected by AHSCT but may predict sexual dysfunction in this population. This supports the premise that estrogen impacts sexual function independent from androgens and that steroid hormones are associated with acute changes in sexual function in this setting. Larger, controlled trials with long\u2010term sex hormone assessment will need to confirm the association between early changes in estrogens and long\u2010term sexual function recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T09:48:11Z","timestamp":1633772891000},"page":"291-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Androgens and estrogens predict sexual function after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant in men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3810-2427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education and 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