{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:21:00Z","timestamp":1791260460816,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prolonging the shelf\u2010life of liquid\u2010preserved semen without compromising its fertilizing capacity may increase the efficiency of artificial insemination in pigs. Many fertilization\u2010relevant processes are adenosine triphosphate dependent. The impact of semen storage and rewarming to body temperature on the energy status of spermatozoa is as yet unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the energy status of boar spermatozoa during storage and subsequent rewarming and to reveal the potential role of mitochondrial function for reactivation and maintenance of sperm motility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extended semen samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07 boars) were used. Spermatozoa were challenged by storage at 17\u00b0C for 7 days and incubation at 38\u00b0C for 180\u00a0min. The adenosine triphosphate concentration and energy charge in semen samples and lactate concentration in the extracellular medium were assessed. Viability and mitochondrial activity were determined by flow cytometry, and clustered single\u2010cell analysis of motility parameters was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The energy status was not affected by semen storage (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Rewarming resulted in a net reduction in adenosine triphosphate concentration, which increased with storage time (maximum Day 5: \u201024.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.3%) but was not accompanied by a loss in viability, motility, or mitochondrial activity. Blocking glycolysis with 2\u2010deoxy\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucose prevented the re\u2010establishment of motility and mitochondrial activity after rewarming. Mitochondrial activity gradually subsided in virtually all spermatozoa during incubation at 38\u00b0C, while adenosine triphosphate and energy charge remained high. Concomitantly, extracellular lactate levels rose, and sperm populations with lower velocity, increased linearity, and low lateral head displacement grew larger. Size changes for major sperm subpopulations correlated with the percentage of viable spermatozoa with high mitochondrial activity (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.44\u20130.70 for individual subpopulations, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Storage of boar spermatozoa increases the demand of adenosine triphosphate for reactivation of spermatozoa towards fast, non\u2010linear, and hyperactivation\u2010like motility patterns upon rewarming. Maintenance of glycolysis seems to be decisive for sperm function after long\u2010term storage in vitro.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T06:43:26Z","timestamp":1656917006000},"page":"1426-1440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["In vitro storage of boar spermatozoa increases the demand of adenosine triphosphate for reactivation of motility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Heiko","family":"Henning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Reproductive Medicine\/Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Friedrich\u2010Loeffler\u2010Institut Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Neustadt am R\u00fcbenberge  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quynh Thu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Reproductive Medicine\/Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences University of G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Marie","family":"Luther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Reproductive Medicine\/Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Wallner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Reproductive Medicine\/Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Beyerbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biometry Epidemiology and Information Processing University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6616-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmar","family":"Waberski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Reproductive Medicine\/Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21451\/1984-3143-AR895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00157-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/pjvs-2013-0072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)95956-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-80-1-291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-733-4_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.017954"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1260517"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35049-8_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)01185-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Energy metabolism and sperm function","volume":"65","author":"Miki K","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmn029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01725.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD13145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.856536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0630109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD19081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1300-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35049-8_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Bioluminescent assay of the adenylate energy charge","volume":"102","author":"Ford SR","year":"1998","journal-title":"Method Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.121.3.975-982.1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186474"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD13113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"400","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00050.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Fluorometric assessments of viability and mitochondrial status of boar spermatozoa following liquid storage","volume":"5","author":"Fraser L","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1642-431X(12)60093-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD00116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20414"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864\u2010018\u20104442\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD17549"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RD02103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-06-0082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17643"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2006.00733.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038840"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.573"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.119.018762"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.124561"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.010074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22949"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.36.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.157650"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90361-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.4.1843"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2005.00599.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.115.131326"}],"container-title":["Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.13226","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/andr.13226","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.13226","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T07:48:32Z","timestamp":1692776912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/andr.13226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/andr.13226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.13226","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2919","2047-2927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2919","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}