{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:01:04Z","timestamp":1787702464506,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>So far, male genital tract color\u2010Doppler ultrasound (MGT\u2010CDUS) was not standardized. Recently, the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) published the results of a multicenter study assessing the CDUS characteristics of healthy\u2010fertile men (HFM) to obtain normative parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the EAA US study (i) standard operating procedures (SOPs) for assessing MGT\u2010CDUS, (ii) main MGT\u2010CDUS normative parameters, and (iii) compare the EAA and previously published \u201cnormal\u201d CDUS values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort of 248 HFM (35.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.9 years) was studied, evaluating MGT\u2010CDUS before and after ejaculation following SOPs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SOPs for MGT\u2010CDUS assessment are summarized here. All subjects underwent scrotal CDUS and 188 men underwent transrectal ultrasound before and after ejaculation. The main CDUS reference ranges and characteristics of the HFM\u2010MGT are reported here. The mean testicular volume was \u223c17\u00a0mL. The lower limit for right and left testis was 12 and 11\u00a0mL, defining testicular hypotrophy. The upper limit for epididymal head, body, tail, and vas deferens was 11.5, 5, 6, and 4.5\u00a0mm, respectively. Testicular and epididymal arterial reference ranges are reported. The EAA varicocoele classification is reported. CDUS\u2010varicocoele was detected in \u223c37% of men. Prostate mean volume was \u223c25\u00a0mL, while lower and upper limits were 15 and 35\u00a0mL, defining hypotrophy and enlargement, respectively. Prostate arterial reference ranges are reported. Prostate calcifications and inhomogeneity were frequent; midline prostatic cysts were rare and small. Ejaculatory duct abnormalities were absent. The upper limit for periprostatic venous plexus was 4.5\u00a0mm. Lower and upper limits of seminal vesicles (SV) anterior\u2013posterior diameter were 6 and 16\u00a0mm, defining hypotrophy or dilation, respectively. Seminal vesicle volume and ejection fraction reference ranges are reported. SV\u2010US abnormalities were rare. Deferential ampullas upper limit was 6\u00a0mm. A discussion on the EAA and previously published \u201cnormal\u201d CDUS values is reported here.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EAA findings will help in reproductive and general male health management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T16:09:41Z","timestamp":1659715781000},"page":"118-132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: An overview on male genital tract ultrasound reference 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