{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:40:59Z","timestamp":1792129259936,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":229,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Varicocoele is a common risk factor associated with reduced male fertility potential. The current understanding of varicocoele pathophysiology does not completely explain the clinical manifestation of infertility. The present treatment options such as antioxidant supplementation and varicocoelectomy only help \u224835% of men to achieve spontaneous pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review aims to summarize the available knowledge on cellular and molecular alterations implicated to varicocoele\u2010associated male infertility and also highlights the new knowledge generated by \u201comics\u201d technologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases are searched using different combinations of keywords (varicocoele, infertile\/fertile men with varicocoele, cellular changes, molecular mechanisms, proteome, epigenome, transcriptome and metabolome). A total of 229 relevant human and animal studies published till 2021 were included in this review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current understanding advocates oxidative stress (OS) as a major contributory factor to varicocoele\u2010associated male infertility. Excessive OS causes alteration in testicular microenvironment and sperm DNA fragmentation, which further contributes to infertility. Molecular and omics studies have identified several promising biomarkers such as AAMP, SPINT1, MKI67 (genetic markers), sperm quality and function related protein markers, global sperm DNA methylation level (epigenetic marker), <jats:italic>Hspa2, Protamine, Gadd7, Dynlt1 and Beclin1<\/jats:italic> (mRNA markers), PRDX2, HSPA, APOA2, YKL40 (seminal protein markers), total choline and PHGDH (metabolic markers).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mature spermatozoa harbours a plethora of molecular information in form of proteome, epigenome and transcriptome, which could provide very important clues regarding pathophysiology of varicocoele\u2010associated infertility. Recent molecular and omics studies in infertile men with varicocoele have identified several promising biomarkers. Upon further validation with larger and well\u2010defined studies, some of these biomarkers could aid in varicocoele management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present evidences suggest that inclusion of OS and sperm DNA fragmentation tests could be useful to the diagnostic workup for men with varicocoele. Furthermore, including precise molecular markers may assist in diagnostics and prognostics of varicocoele\u2010associated male infertility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T16:08:58Z","timestamp":1661875738000},"page":"1463-1483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Varicocoele\u2010associated male infertility: Cellular and molecular perspectives of pathophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Deepshikha","family":"Arya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroendocrinology ICMR\u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafisa","family":"Balasinor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroendocrinology ICMR\u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3950-0083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dipty","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroendocrinology ICMR\u2010 National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health  Mumbai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2016.34.2.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei089"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015\u20100282(16)37684\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1991.260.5.H1581"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815\u2010014\u20100200\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008\u2010682X.170445"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3186"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939\u20104640.1987.tb00973.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815\u2010017\u20100931\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12345"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2090598X.2021.1889746"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"Clinical observation on effect of jingling oral liquid in treating infertile patients with varicocele after varicocelectomy","volume":"24","author":"Yan LF","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Trad Western Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090\u20104295(87)90111\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008\u2010682X.172640"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12951"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12808"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.06.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022\u20105347(17)32710\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939\u20104640.1984.tb00772.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100272.2008.00900.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1377"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68818-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000332156"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.11.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.11.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13407"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of testicular biopsies before and after operation for varicocele","volume":"29","author":"Johnsen SG","year":"1978","journal-title":"FertilSteril"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1994.tb00756.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","first-page":"1339","article-title":"Adolescents with varicocele have an impaired spermzona pellucida binding capacity","volume":"78","author":"Cedenho AP","year":"2002","journal-title":"FertilSteril"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13062"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13053"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.12.039"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","first-page":"728","article-title":"Attenuation of oxidative stress & DNA damage in varicocelectomy: implications in infertility management","volume":"132","author":"Dada R","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015\u20100282(99)00567\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100272.2009.00920.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod61.2.393"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760500130517"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.071779"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703147"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000020135"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100272.2005.00660.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Effects of melatonin on testicular tissue nitric oxide level and antioxidant enzyme activities in experimentally induced left varicocele","volume":"24","author":"Semercioz A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/b:urol.0000032687.58462.4f"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/929285"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod55.5.935"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12940"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2004.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.150202et"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815\u2010014\u20100344\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2013.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00000591"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815\u2010013\u20100165\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.03.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12687"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.suppl_1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080370314"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in male infertility","volume":"129","author":"Venkatesh S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.02.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","first-page":"1289","article-title":"The influence of varicocele on parameters of fertility in a large group of men presenting to infertility clinics","volume":"57","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992","journal-title":"FertilSteril"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","first-page":"625","article-title":"Sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation in adolescents with varicocele","volume":"85","author":"Bertolla RP","year":"2006","journal-title":"FertilSteril"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01485019808988544"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01485010490425250"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015\u20100282(16)42620\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015\u20100282(16)35765\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015\u20100282(16)49403\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008\u2010682X.153539"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022\u20105347(01)64134\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439\u20100272.2000.00355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102605.1981.tb00735.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015\u20100282(00)00703\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.05081"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP\u201016\u20100342"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815\u2010012\u20109785\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg096"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/1518\u20100557.20170053"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.05115"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13184"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015\u20100282(03)02211\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17140\/GOROJ-2-107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei429"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12165"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155420902547"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014\u20104827(79)90429\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090\u20104295(99)00013\u20108"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_92_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Testicular biohistochemical alterations following experimental varicocele in rats","volume":"10","author":"Razi M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015\u20100282(16)44719\u20109"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_94_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Normal and varicocele testis in adolescents","volume":"3","author":"Santoro G","year":"2001","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815\u2010016\u20100682\u20108"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_96_1","first-page":"e99602","article-title":"Endocrine control of spermatogenesis: role of FSH and LH\/testosterone","volume":"4","author":"Ramaswamy S","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spermatogenesis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063443"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2795(200006)56:2 <259::AID-MRD10>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_99_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Mammalian spermatozoal mRNAs: tools for the functional analysis of male gametes","volume":"32","author":"Wykes SM","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.09.114"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_102_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"P\u201026: comparison of serum testosterone level between men with and without varicocele","volume":"7","author":"Jangkhah M","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J FertilSteril"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_103_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Semen quality and hormonal levels in infertile patients with varicocele","volume":"82","author":"Cantatore C","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100272.1983.tb00179.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13258"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2006.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S161641"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702203360802"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939\u20104640.2004.tb02770.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_111_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Varicocele in brothers of patients with varicocele","volume":"4","author":"Beigi FM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Urol J (Tehran)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.12.057"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_13_113_1","first-page":"1462","article-title":"Screening for Y chromosome microdeletions in idiopathic and nonidiopathic infertile men with varicocele and cryptorchidism","volume":"118","author":"Song NH","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/CBB:44:1:171"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2795(200006)56:2 <259::AID-MRD10>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050665"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2010.01103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2008.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095857"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_121_1","first-page":"739","article-title":"The POLG gene polymorphism in Iranian varicocele\u2010associated infertility patients","volume":"15","author":"Heidari MM","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_122_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Molecular biology of 5,10\u2010methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase","volume":"13","author":"Fodinger M","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00129785\u2010200101030\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del280"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102605.2004.00513.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12229"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_127_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Mutation analysis of TNP1 gene in infertile men with varicocele","volume":"12","author":"Heidari MM","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Reprod Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_128_1","first-page":"557","article-title":"The association between TNP2 gene polymorphisms and Iranian infertile men with varicocele: A case\u2010control study","volume":"17","author":"Heidari MM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011\u2010015\u20100454\u20109"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_130_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Comparison of nitric oxide concentration in seminal fluid between infertile patients with and without varicocele and normal fertile men","volume":"2","author":"Mehraban D","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13525"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.015115"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3275\/8111"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.androl.2018.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939\u20104640.2003.tb02687.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22074\/ijfs.2016.5047"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_140_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"Identifying potential pitfalls in interpreting mitochondrial DNA mutations of male infertility cases","volume":"134","author":"Palanichamy MG","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934\u2010001\u20100035\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12073"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815\u2010012\u20109715\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12766"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00096.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh684"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.2037511"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg816"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2015.1020116"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2018.1557762"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.04.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2868"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025241"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03315"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP\u201013\u20100656"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13598"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815\u2010014\u20100302\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1109987108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12913"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008\u2010682X.122203"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5413056"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477\u20107827\u20109\u201047"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22037\/uj.v0i0.4740"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102605.2010.01112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102605.2007.00822.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP\u201018\u20100639"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/3.6.473"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/3.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23696"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232357"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092\u20108674(89)90948\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13380"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29252\/ijrm.16.3.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2018.9603"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2018.8753"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.190018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958\u2010015\u20100007\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP\u201013\u20100178"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.06.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100272.1998.tb01374.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006\u20102952(99)00299\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100272.2009.01009.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.180118"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.180108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815\u2010016\u20100808\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13756"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_8_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey072"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13244"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13456"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21325"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958\u2010020\u201000625\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815\u2010020\u201001896\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.108989"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_201_1","first-page":"e141","article-title":"Differentially expressed proteins involved in acetylation of spermatozoa in infertile men with unilateral and bilateral varicocele","volume":"108","author":"Selvam MP","year":"2017","journal-title":"FertilSteril"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815\u2010014\u20100209\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12982"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5674237"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939\u20104640.1983.tb02376.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.17076.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2011.562960"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071568"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02872388"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015\u20100282(03)00983\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12762"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mefs.2017.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100272.2008.00894.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr500652y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2009.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.10.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12379"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.05171"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439\u20100272.1990.tb02052.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12707"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8327506"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181115"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815\u2010014\u20100282\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.07.021"}],"container-title":["Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.13278","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/andr.13278","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.13278","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T16:32:12Z","timestamp":1692635532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/andr.13278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"references-count":229,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/andr.13278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.13278","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2919","2047-2927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2919","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}