{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:12:47Z","timestamp":1771474367903,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 2067\/1\u2010390729940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2067\/1\u2010390729940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The unique anatomy of the male reproductive organ reflects its complex function from sperm maturation to their storage for months until emission. Since light microscopy in two dimensions (2d) cannot sufficiently demonstrate its complex morphology, a comprehensive visualization is required to identify pathologic alterations in its entire anatomical context.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aim of this study was to use three\u2010dimensional (3d) light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) to visualize entire murine testes in 3d, label\u2010free and at subcellular resolution, and to assign local autofluorescence to testicular and deferent structures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Murine testes were fixed with four different fixatives and subsequently cleared with benzoic acid\/benzyl benzoate. Hereafter, complete murine testes were scanned with LSFM with different fluorescence filter sets and subsequently embedded in paraffin for further conventional planar histology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autofluorescence signals of the murine reproductive organ allowed the unambiguous identification of the testicular anatomy from the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens with their specific stratification independent of the used fixative. Blood vessels were visualized from the pampiniform plexus to the small capillaries of single tubules. Moreover, due to the specific intrinsic fluorescence properties of the efferent ducts and the epididymis, luminal caliber, the epithelial stratification and retronuclear cytoplasmic inclusions gave a unique insight into the interface of both morphological structures. Subsequent 2d histology confirmed the identified morphological structures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>LSFM analysis of the murine reproductive organ allows due to its intrinsic fluorescence a simple, label\u2010free 3d assessment of its entire duct morphology, the epithelial composition, and the associated blood supply in its anatomical relation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>LSFM provides the technical basis for comprehensive analyses of pathologically altered murine testes in its entirety by depicting specific autofluorescence. Thereby it facilitates mouse studies of testicular disease or their drug\u2010related alterations in more detail potentially for clinical translation assessing human testicular biopsies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T06:01:20Z","timestamp":1662703280000},"page":"1660-1672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The murine male reproductive organ at a glance: Three\u2010dimensional insights and virtual histology using label\u2010free light sheet microcopy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Pinkert\u2010Leetsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Medical Center Goettingen  Goettingen Germany"},{"name":"Translational Molecular Imaging Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences  Goettingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John Uwe","family":"Rost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Medical Center Goettingen  Goettingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max Ulrich Heiner","family":"Schmiedeknecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology University Medical Center Goettingen  Goettingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Stadelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology University Medical Center Goettingen  Goettingen Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cMultiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells\u201d (MBExC) University of Goettingen  Robert\u2010Koch\u2010Str. 40 Goettingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frauke","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Medical Center Goettingen  Goettingen Germany"},{"name":"Translational Molecular Imaging Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences  Goettingen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology University Medical Center Goettingen  Goettingen Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u201cMultiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells\u201d (MBExC) University of Goettingen  Robert\u2010Koch\u2010Str. 40 Goettingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1033-8403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeannine","family":"Missbach\u2010Guentner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Medical Center Goettingen  Goettingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000519964"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244\u2010017\u20100592\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2009\u20100379\u2010RA.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600577520011327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201050075\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201019773\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170597"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"SpalteholzW. \u00dcber das Durchsichtigmachen von menschlichen und tierischen Pr\u00e4paraten: nebst Anhang: \u00dcber Knochenf\u00e4rbung. 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