{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:16:36Z","timestamp":1773274596469,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to standard medical practice, immediate orchiectomy is advised in the case of a non\u2010viable testis following testicular torsion. Because of the lack of objective criteria in the evaluation of testicular viability, the fate of the testis solely depends on the discretion and experience of the surgeon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we retrospectively reassess the management of patients with testicular torsion in our center, and we ask the question, from a retrospective point of view, of whether the decision to perform orchiectomy has always been correct.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed all cases of patients with testicular torsion who underwent surgery in our center between 2001 and 2021. All orchiectomy specimens were reevaluated and graded by an experienced pathologist using the Mikuz grading system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immediate orchiectomy was performed in 48 of the 136 patients (35%). Five (10.4%) of the 48 orchiectomy specimens were categorized as \u201cgrade 1,\u201d and 17 (35.4%) were categorized as \u201cgrade 2.\u201d The time between the onset of symptoms and surgical exploration exceeded 12\u00a0h in three of the five patients with a \u201cgrade 1\u201d testicular injury, and in one case, it even exceeded 24\u00a0h.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u201cGrade 1\u201d testicular injury is potentially reversible, whereas the fate of a testis with a \u201cgrade 2\u201d testicular injury remains unknown. Whether and to what extent partial testicular tissue salvage in a \u201cgrade 2\u201d injury is still possible remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicate that at least 10% of the testicles removed in our center could, from a retrospective point of view, have been salvaged. Our study further demonstrated that the duration of symptoms is not an absolute indicator of testicular damage and that the decision of whether orchiectomy should be performed, based simply on the subjective macroscopic image of the affected testis, is not always correct.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T16:34:00Z","timestamp":1671640440000},"page":"1044-1049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Retrospective histological evaluation of orchiectomy specimens following testicular torsion reveals a 10% incidence of reversible injury. Is it time for a change of strategy?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7763-0471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios","family":"Marcou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology University Hospital Erlangen  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arndt","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology University Hospital Erlangen  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Wullich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology University Hospital Erlangen  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Apel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology University Hospital Erlangen  Erlangen 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