{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:09:11Z","timestamp":1792598951011,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81571432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81571432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cavernous nerve injury\u2010induced erectile dysfunction caused by pelvic surgery or trauma is refractory to conventional medications and required an alternative treatment. Low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound is a noninvasive mechanical therapy that promotes nerve regeneration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound in the treatment of neurogenic erectile dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty rats were randomly divided into the sham\u2010operated group, bilateral cavernous nerve injury group, and bilateral cavernous nerve injury + low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound group. The erectile function was assessed 3\u00a0weeks after daily low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment. The penile tissues and cavernous nerve tissues were harvested and subjected to histologic analysis. Primary Schwann cells and explants were extracted from adult rats. The effects of low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound on proliferation, migration, and nerve growth factor expression of Schwann cells and axonal elongation were examined in vitro. RNA sequencing and western blot assay were applied to predict and verify the molecular mechanism of low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound\u2010induced Schwann cell activation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study showed that low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound promoted Schwann cells proliferation, migration, and neurotrophic factor nerve growth factor expression. Meanwhile, low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound exhibits a stronger ability to enhance Schwann cells\u2010mediated neurite outgrowth of major pelvic ganglion neurons and major pelvic ganglion\/cavernous nerve explants in vitro. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the erectile function of the rats in the bilateral cavernous nerve injury + low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound group was significantly higher than those in the bilateral cavernous nerve injury groups. Moreover, the expression levels of smooth muscle and cavernous endothelium also increased significantly in the bilateral cavernous nerve injury + low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound group. In addition, we observed the higher density and number of cavernous nerve regenerating axons in the bilateral cavernous nerve injury + low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound group, indicating that low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes axonal regeneration following cavernous nerve injury in vivo. RNA sequencing analysis and bioinformatic analysis suggested that low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound might trigger the activation of the PI3K\/Akt pathway. Western blot assay confirmed that low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound activated Schwann cells through TrkB\/Akt\/CREB signaling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound promoted nerve regeneration and ameliorated erectile function by enhancing Schwann cells proliferation, migration, and neurotrophic factor nerve growth factor expression. The TrkB\/Akt\/CREB axis is the possible mechanism of low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound\u2010mediated Schwann cell activation. Low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound\u2010based therapy could be a novel potential treatment strategy for cavernous nerve injury\u2010induced neurogenic erectile dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T12:24:54Z","timestamp":1676031894000},"page":"1188-1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound ameliorates erectile dysfunction induced by bilateral cavernous nerve injury through enhancing Schwann cell\u2010mediated cavernous nerve regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0805-8816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zitaiyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Zhuhai 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