{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T15:56:49Z","timestamp":1777996609486,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infertile men have a worse overall health status than their fertile counterparts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to (1) compare kidney function in men presenting for primary couple's infertility with that of fertile men and (2) assess kidney function impairment toward sperm quality in infertile men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this case\u2013control study, 387 consecutive white\u2010European infertile men were matched by age with 134 same\u2010ethnicity fertile men. Complete clinical and laboratory data were available for each patient. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration function was used for estimated glomerular filtration rate calculation. Kidney functional impairment was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;90\u00a0mL\/min per 1.73\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to (1) assess the association between kidney function impairment and infertility status and (2) investigate the association between kidney function and semen analysis abnormalities in infertile men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After matching, 34 (8.8%) infertile men depicted at least a mild unknown impairment of kidney function compared to only four (3%) fertile men, with four (3%) of the infertile presenting with an overt kidney function impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;60\u00a0mL\/min per 1.73\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). There were no differences in terms of age, body mass index and rate of comorbidities between the two groups (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). After adjusting for major confounders, infertility status was associated with a higher risk of reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (odds ratio 3.20; 95% confidence interval 1.21\u20135.2; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002). Conversely, estimated glomerular filtration rate was not associated with sperm abnormalities in infertile men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mild kidney function impairment was found in 9% of asymptomatic and unaware men presenting for primary couple's infertility investigation. This novel finding corroborates growing data on a significant association of male infertility with a poorer overall male health status and the need for tailored preventive strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T13:59:36Z","timestamp":1677938376000},"page":"1377-1385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Kidney function impairment in men with primary infertility: A case\u2013control analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7872-2650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Fallara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan 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