{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T20:42:21Z","timestamp":1789245741029,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of novel non\u2010cytotoxic and immunotherapy drugs for cancer treatment on human testicular function have not been studied systematically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aimed to characterize effects of non\u2010cytotoxic and immunotherapy drugs in patients with cancers who had not been previously treated with gonadotoxic chemo\u2010 or radiotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study involved 34 men, not previously treated with gonadotoxic regimens, in a mixed longitudinal (Cohort 1: 19 men about to start and approximately 1\u00a0year on non\u2010cytotoxic and immunotherapy treatment) and cross\u2010sectional (Cohort 2: 15 men already on non\u2010cytotoxic and immunotherapy treatment) study using data modeling to estimate within\u2010person time\u2010course changes in testicular exocrine and endocrine functions. Cohort 1 provided 45 paired semen and blood samples (34 prior to and nine during treatment) and Cohort 2 provided 45 sets of samples (15 pre\u2010treatment, 30 on treatment), including six men in Cohort 2 who had pre\u2010treatment spermatozoa cryostorage prior to the study. Men on non\u2010cytotoxic and immunotherapy treatment had undergone a median of 33.5\u00a0months long\u2010term treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spermatozoa output and concentration were reduced by about 50%, with corresponding increases in serum follicle\u2010stimulating hormone and decreases in serum inhibin B. Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and sex hormone\u2010binding globulin were unaffected by non\u2010cytotoxic and immunotherapy treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within limits of the present study of sample size and duration of on\u2010non\u2010cytotoxic and immunotherapy treatment, non\u2010cytotoxic and immunotherapy drugs have a modest effects on testicular exocrine function (sperm production) or its hormonal correlates (follicle\u2010stimulating hormone, inhibin B), with minimal impact on testicular endocrine (testosterone, luteinizing hormone) function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T13:12:36Z","timestamp":1698412356000},"page":"891-898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Testicular function after non\u2010cytotoxic and 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