{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:10:04Z","timestamp":1776273004816,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is thought to be associated with testicular tumors and impaired spermatogenesis; however, its etiology remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify factors, other than testicular function, that are associated with testicular microlithiasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled males who underwent ultrasound examination of the scrotum at Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital. The patients were categorized into two groups: those with or those without testicular microlithiasis. Background and blood test data were compared between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Testicular microlithiasis was observed in 72 of the 828 (8.7%) patients enrolled. Ages ranged from 15 to 87 years (mean age, 40.0 years). A history of germ cell tumor was significantly more prevalent in patients with testicular microlithiasis than in those without (1.3\u00a0vs. 16.7%; p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Blood test data showed that, patients with testicular microlithiasis had significantly higher serum creatinine levels (0.91\u00a0vs. 1.04\u00a0mg\/dL; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.046) and lower calcium levels (9.4\u00a0vs. 9.3\u00a0mg\/dL; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.031) than those without. Serum creatinine levels (&gt;\u00a01.00\u00a0mg\/dL) and germ cell tumors were significantly associated with testicular microlithiasis in both univariate and multivariate analyses. The prevalence of testicular microlithiasis increased in patients older than 50 years. Age (&gt;\u00a050 years) was associated with testicular microlithiasis in univariate analysis. The mean body weight tended to be heavier (70.7\u00a0vs. 72.2\u00a0kg; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.051) and epididymitis was observed more frequently (3.2\u00a0vs. 8.3%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.056) in patients with testicular microlithiasis than in those without.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A history of testicular tumors and elevated serum creatinine levels were associated with testicular microlithiasis. Testicular microlithiasis was observed across all age groups, with a tendency to increase in patients older than 50 years. Patients with testicular microlithiasis were slightly heavier and had a higher prevalence of epididymitis than those without. Our findings suggest that, in addition to testicular dysgenesis, other factors are involved in the development of testicular microlithiasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:05:02Z","timestamp":1701129902000},"page":"1148-1153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Increased serum creatinine associated with testicular microlithiasis in adult Japanese men: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1796-7392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Hagiuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital  Ichikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Takamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital  Ichikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital  Ichikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"2057","article-title":"A meta\u2010analysis of the relationship between testicular microlithiasis and incidence of testicular cancer","volume":"12","author":"Wang T","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urol 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