{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:19:54Z","timestamp":1785388794189,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection and inflammation of the genital tract are major potentially treatable factors contributing to male infertility. The profile of small non\u2010coding RNA (sncRNAs) in spermatozoa can be altered by environmental exposures and inflammatory conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental autoimmune epididymo\u2010orchitis (EAEO) is a well\u2010established model of autoimmune\u2010induced chronic testicular and epididymal inflammation. This model investigates the effect of chronic inflammation on sperm sncRNA profiles and offspring phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regarding the EAEO model, mice were immunized with testis homogenates thrice. Subsequently, flow cytometry and histological analyses were conducted on EAEO mice. Next\u2010generation sequencing was used to profile small RNA of spermatozoa from the caput, corpus, and cauda epididymis. We performed a comprehensive integrative analysis of sperm sncRNAs and chronic epididymitis and identified their molecular signatures. The metabolic functions of the first\u2010generation (F1) offspring were evaluated using a glucose tolerance test (GTT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Body weight and metabolic function were significantly altered in F1 offspring from EAEO sperm donors. The analysis of cauda sperm sncRNA profiles revealed that the proportions of miRNAs and tsRNAs increased and decreased, respectively, after autoimmunization. Three differentially expressed miRNAs and seven differentially expressed tsRNAs were significantly correlated with F1 metabolic dysfunction. The expression patterns of miRNAs and tsRNAs in mice partially overlapped with those observed in the spermatozoa from human patients with chronic epididymitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We revealed that autoimmune epididymo\u2010orchitis alters sncRNA profiles in mouse spermatozoa. Offspring from mice with autoimmune orchitis develop metabolic disorders. A comprehensive analysis of human and mouse inflammation data revealed an association between alterations in the miRNA and tsRNA profiles of epididymal spermatozoa and offspring phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T16:14:17Z","timestamp":1703175257000},"page":"119-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Alterations of small non\u2010coding RNA in the spermatozoa of mice with paternal experimental autoimmune epididymo\u2010orchitis are associated with metabolic dysfunction in offspring"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3488-1005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation Center of Assisted Reproduction and Embryology The University of Hong Kong \u2013 Shenzhen Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation Center of Assisted Reproduction and Embryology The University of Hong Kong \u2013 Shenzhen Hospital  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Chuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation Center of Assisted Reproduction and Embryology The University of Hong Kong \u2013 Shenzhen Hospital  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong 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