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However, its successful rate is less than 50%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>To identify the predictive value of circular RNAs in serum for sperm retrieval rate in non\u2010obstructive azoospermia patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>180 non\u2010obstructive azoospermia patients were recruited in this study, including 84 individuals with successful sperm retrieval and 96 individuals with failed sperm retrieval. Our study contained two phases. First, 20 patients, selected from the 180 patients, were included in screening cohort. In this cohort, the top 20 circular RNAs from our previous testicular circRNA profiles were verified between successful and failed sperm retrieval groups using real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction. Six circular RNAs with the most significantly different expressions were selected for further verification. Second, the 180 patients were included as discovery cohort to verify the six circular RNAs. Circular RNAs were extracted from serum in each participant. Logistic regression analysis was further performed to identify the predictive value and the area under the curve analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Six circular RNAs including hsa_circ_0058058, hsa_circ_0008045, hsa_circ_0084789, hsa_circ_0000550, hsa_circ_0007422, and hsa_circ_0004099 showed aberrant expressions between the successful and failed sperm retrieval group. In addition, both single\u2010circular RNA panels and multi\u2010circular RNA panels were finally verified to be significant in predicting sperm retrieval rate. Notably, multi\u2010circular RNAs panels demonstrated better predictive abilities compared with single\u2010circRNA panels, and the combined panel of six\u2010circular RNAs (risk score\u00a0=\u00a01.094\u00d7hsa_circ_0058058+0.697\u00d7hsa_circ_0008045+0.718\u00d7hsa_circ_0084789\u20100.591\u00d7hsa_circ_0000550\u20100.435\u00d7hsa_circ_0007422\u20101.017\u00d7hsa_circ_0004099\u20101.561) exhibited the best predictive ability in the present study with an AUC of 0.977, a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 86.5%. A higher risk score indicated a higher risk of failure in sperm retrieval.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title>Our study was the first to report that testis\u2010derived circular RNAs in serum have the ability to predict sperm retrieval rate in non\u2010obstructive azoospermia patients, whether it is a single\u2010circular RNA or a combination of multi\u2010circular RNAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T12:11:41Z","timestamp":1709208701000},"page":"1751-1763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A detection model of testis\u2010derived circular RNAs in serum for predicting testicular sperm retrieval rate in non\u2010obstructive azoospermia 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