{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:43:19Z","timestamp":1791895399537,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873854"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A decrease in semen volume among men is comparable to the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide. The anabolic hormone insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 (IGF\u20101) can promote proliferation and differentiation in cultured mouse spermatogonial stem cells and alleviate abnormal in vitro spermatogenesis. Additionally, serum IGF\u20101 level is negatively correlated with body mass index. Whereas the role of IGF\u20101 in the sperm production in obese men remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of IGF\u20101 on spermatogenesis of high\u2010fat diet (HFD)\u2010induced obesity mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An HFD\u2010induced obesity mouse model was established. Alterations in testicular morphology, sperm count, proliferation, and apoptosis were observed by H&amp;E staining,immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Exogenous recombinant IGF\u20101 was administered to obese mice to investigate the correlations between altered testicular IGF\u20101 levels and sperm production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sperm count was reduced, the testicular structure was disordered, and sex hormone levels were abnormal in HFD\u2010fed mice compared with normal diet\u2010fed mice. The expression of proliferation\u2010related antigens such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki\u201067 was decreased, while that of proapoptotic proteins such as c\u2010caspase3 was increased in testes from HFD\u2010fed mice. Most importantly, the phosphorylation of insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 receptor (IGF\u20101R) in testes was decreased due to reductions in IGF\u20101 from hepatocytes and Sertoli cells. Recombinant IGF\u20101 alleviated these functional impairments by promoting IGF\u20101R, Akt, and Erk1\/2 phosphorylation in the testes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insufficient IGF\u20101\/IGF\u20101R signaling is intimately linked to damaged sperm production in obese male mice. Exogenous IGF\u20101 can improve survival and proliferation as well as sperm production. This study provides a novel theoretical basis and a target for the treatment of obese men with oligozoospermia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T07:38:51Z","timestamp":1713512331000},"page":"342-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 promotes the testicular sperm production by improving germ cell survival and proliferation in high\u2010fat diet\u2010treated male mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6452-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei 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