{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:20:43Z","timestamp":1773008443197,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004051","name":"Kato Memorial Bioscience Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>An animal model of the partial restoration of spermatogenesis may be useful in the field of reproductive biology and medicine. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) induces the restorable arrest of spermatogenesis at the level of spermatogonia and is used as a mouse model of spermatogenesis disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to establish an animal model in which spermatogenesis is partially restored by switching a vitamin A deficiency diet to a normal vitamin A\u2010containing diet and conduct a comprehensive analysis to identify vulnerable sites in the seminiferous tubules that affect the efficient restoration of spermatogenesis in this model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice fed a vitamin A deficiency diet until 12\u00a0weeks old and then reared with a normal diet for 15\u00a0weeks served as the restoration model. We performed three\u2010dimensional reconstructions of the seminiferous tubules and analyzed the three\u2010dimensional distribution of restored spermatogenesis throughout the testis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen weeks after the switch to the normal diet, spermatogenesis was restored in 78% of the length of seminiferous tubules. The percentage of restored spermatogenesis was lower in longer seminiferous tubules. An analysis of the distribution of spermatogenesis throughout the testis in this model revealed that it was restored less in portions of seminiferous tubules near the rete testis and hairpin curves and also in those located in the caudal region of the testis. These sites tended to correspond to sites with fewer spermatogonia in the vitamin A deficiency testis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We established an animal model of the partial restoration of spermatogenesis and examined the three\u2010dimensional distribution of restored spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules. The results obtained provide insights into the mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis disorders and may contribute to better clinical practices, such as the screening of drugs or therapeutic interventions for human male infertility and improvements in fertility preservation techniques for individuals undergoing chemotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T06:34:43Z","timestamp":1717482883000},"page":"359-370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional analysis of partial restoration of spermatogenesis in vitamin A\u2010deficient mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Nakata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences Komatsu University  Komatsu Japan"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoichi","family":"Iseki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences Komatsu University  Komatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Histological and Histopathological Evaluation of the Testis","author":"Russell LD","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"827","article-title":"Cytology of the testis and intrinsic control mechanisms. 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