{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:26:48Z","timestamp":1787167608975,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014181","name":"Junta de Extremadura","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mammalian spermatozoa need to undergo a process named capacitation to be able to fertilize an oocyte. During their journey in the female tract, spermatozoa obtain energy while exposed to a changing environment containing a variety of metabolic substrates. The energy requirements for sperm capacitation are species\u2010specific. In addition, the available energy source can hinder the process of sperm capacitation and eventually the acrosome reaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether the metabolic substrates available in the in vitro sperm capacitation medium allow or interfere with the pig sperm capacitation process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effect of different metabolic substrates on sperm capacitation process was evaluated by analyzing phosphorylation in the p32 protein; the acrosome reaction and the ATP intracellular content.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>T<\/jats:bold>\n                      he presence of glucose in the in vitro capacitating medium diminishes, in a concentration\u2010dependent manner, parameters associated with the capacitated status: induced acrosome exocytosis, plasma membrane destabilization, and protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Conversely, sperm incubation with pyruvate or lactate, either individually or in combination, allows the attainment of the capacitated status. Unexpectedly, pig spermatozoa incubated without any extracellular energy substrates or with a non\u2010metabolizable substrate (\n                      <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010glucose) for 4\u00a0h displayed similar sperm viability to the control and exhibited a capacitated phenotype. The capacitation\u2010like phenotype observed in starved pig spermatozoa (absence of glucose, lactate, and pyruvate) was dependent on extracellular bicarbonate and calcium levels, and these spermatozoa exhibited lower intracellular ATP content compared to those not capacitated. Nevertheless, the intracellular content of calcium was not modified in comparison to the control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that the metabolic substrates used to fuel pig sperm metabolism are important in achieving the capacitated status. The results of this work could be used to refine the capacitating medium employed in pig in vitro fertilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T02:25:16Z","timestamp":1720751116000},"page":"637-649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Glucose prevents the acquisition of the capacitated state in pig spermatozoa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0489-3112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebeca","family":"Serrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n Intracelular y Tecnolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n (SINTREP) Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n INBIO G+C. Universidad de Extremadura Avenida de Elvas s\/n  Badajoz Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2463-5978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soraya","family":"Solar M\u00e1laga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n Intracelular y Tecnolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n (SINTREP) Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n INBIO G+C. Universidad de Extremadura Avenida de Elvas s\/n  Badajoz Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5568-548X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauro","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n Intracelular y Tecnolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n (SINTREP) Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n INBIO G+C. Universidad de Extremadura Avenida de Elvas s\/n  Badajoz Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5468-2700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Gracia","family":"Gervasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Connecticut Connecticut  Storrs USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1795-7381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Jes\u00fas","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n Intracelular y Tecnolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n (SINTREP) Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n INBIO G+C. 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Universidad de Extremadura Avenida de Elvas s\/n  Badajoz Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6787-0006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Martin\u2010Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Connecticut Connecticut  Storrs USA"},{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Extremadura  Avenida de Elvas s\/n 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