{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:21:03Z","timestamp":1791883263103,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DA039800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DA039800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24DA057874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24DA057874"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are limited data on pelvic pain among transgender men and gender diverse people, and the impact of testosterone on pelvic pain is poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Characterize the prevalence and correlates of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) among transgender men and gender diverse people and examine the association between testosterone use and CPP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used 2020\u20132022 data from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study, an online prospective cohort study of sexual and gender minority adults in the United States, to conduct complementary cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal analyses. Our primary outcome was self\u2010reported CPP lasting 3 months or longer measured using the Michigan Body Map.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 2579 transgender men and gender diverse people assigned female at birth included in our sample, 457 (18%) reported CPP. CPP correlates included: inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), kidney stones, pelvic inflammatory disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), uterine fibroids, current hormonal intrauterine device use, prior pregnancy, vaginal delivery, hysterectomy, and oophorectomy. Individuals with CPP reported a high prevalence of IBS (37%), PCOS (20%), uterine fibroids (9%), post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (51%), and severe depression and anxiety symptoms (42% and 25%, respectively). Current testosterone use was associated with a 21% lower prevalence of CPP (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65\u20130.96). In longitudinal analyses (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a079), 15 (19%) participants reported any CPP after initiating testosterone: eight (56%) of whom reported CPP prior to testosterone initiation, and seven (47%) who reported new\u2010onset CPP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationship between CPP and testosterone is complex. Although testosterone use was associated with a lower prevalence of CPP, some transgender and gender diverse individuals experienced new\u2010onset pelvic pain after testosterone initiation. Given the significant impact that CPP can have on mental health and quality of life, future research must examine the role of testosterone in specific underlying etiologies of CPP and identify potential therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T04:24:00Z","timestamp":1721103840000},"page":"600-609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Chronic pelvic pain among transgender men and gender diverse adults assigned female at birth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9238-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana M.","family":"Tordoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The PRIDE Study\/PRIDEnet Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell R.","family":"Lunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The PRIDE Study\/PRIDEnet Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annesa","family":"Flentje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The PRIDE Study\/PRIDEnet Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Alliance Health Project, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California 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