{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:47:06Z","timestamp":1790394426900,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2020\u2010113288RBI00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020\u2010113288RBI00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recently, the metabolic pathways involved in energy production and the role of aquaglyceroporins in capacitation\u2010associated events have been studied in humans and mice. However, little is known about these in ram spermatozoa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study investigated bioenergetic and aquaglyceroporin 3 variations during in vitro capacitation of ram spermatozoa. In addition, differences in testosterone levels between males were examined to determine their influence on capacitation\u2010like changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spermatozoa obtained from nine rams (ejaculates\u00a0=\u00a036) were incubated for 180\u00a0min in three different media (control, capacitating, and aquaglyceroporin\u2010inhibitor media) at 38.5\u00b0C. At 0 and 180\u00a0min of incubation in each medium, sperm viability, kinetics, chlortetracycline patterns, adenosine triphosphate concentration, lactate excretion (final subproduct of glycolysis), and immunolocalization of aquaporin 3 were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increment of the capacitated spermatozoa\u2010chlortetracycline pattern and the hyperactivated\u2010like movement characterized by the highest curvilinear velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement and the lowest linearity was only recorded after 180\u00a0min in the capacitating medium. At this time and conditions, adenosine triphosphate content and lactate excretion decreased, whereas the aquaglyceroporin 3 location in the midpiece and principal piece increased compared to 0\u00a0min. Such changes were not observed in the control medium over time. Incubation in the aquaglyceroporin\u2010inhibitor medium for 180\u00a0min reduced drastically sperm motility and adenosine triphosphate content compared to the other media. Testosterone analysis revealed a significant individual variability, which was also present in all sperm parameters evaluated. Furthermore, testosterone was negatively correlated with adenosine triphosphate content but positively correlated with lactate excretion levels, sperm viability, motility, capacitated sperm\u2010chlortetracycline pattern, and aquaglyceroporin 3 immunolabeling in the midpiece and principal piece.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite individual differences, capacitation of ram spermatozoa increases adenosine triphosphate consumption, energy metabolism, and aquaglyceroporin 3 location in the midpiece and principal piece, which seems to be related to the acquisition of hyperactivated\u2010like motility. Furthermore, testosterone levels may serve as a valuable tool to select those males with a greater sperm metabolism rate and fertilizing capacity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T08:00:08Z","timestamp":1725609608000},"page":"921-933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Capacitation of ram spermatozoa promotes changes in energy metabolism and aquaporin 3 and is affected by individual testosterone variations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Peris\u2010Frau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Animal Reproduction National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (CSIC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Sanchez\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology National Museum of Natural Sciences (CSIC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Animal Reproduction National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (CSIC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Toledano\u2010D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Animal Reproduction National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (CSIC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Animal Reproduction National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (CSIC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo R. 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