{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T16:59:56Z","timestamp":1794329996655,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Testicular fibrosis is a chronic and progressive condition characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. This process leads to fibrotic remodeling, damage to testicular tissue, and the irreversible loss of male reproductive function. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive reviews systematically elucidating the pathology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of testicular fibrosis from the perspectives of different related diseases. This review addresses these aspects of testicular fibrosis, with a particular emphasis on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of testicular cells. It provides insights that can be relevant for future research and clinical interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T09:53:05Z","timestamp":1727430785000},"page":"1322-1332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Testicular fibrosis pathology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment: A perspective on related diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6539-4431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive Health Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poyi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive Health Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive Health Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive Health Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5728-6658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive Health Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(20)32667\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464\u2010410X.2007.07406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der077"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0118\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/spmg.23870"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"327","article-title":"Inflammatory reactions in testicular biopsies of infertile men","volume":"33","author":"Schuppe H","year":"2001","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam7928"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201026011\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.287"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2807"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2007.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje\u201012\u20100934"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.24.6.1367"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.7.892"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102605.2011.01211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03345105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(04)15998\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000095793.04232.d8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.08.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441\u2010005\u20101126\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1988.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442\u20102042.2006.01654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmm027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102431\u201014\u2010191"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu340"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u201061779\u2010436\u20100_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032\u2010021\u201000616\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1672"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015\u20100282(99)00611\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2019.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14174"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022\u20105347(01)63937\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0305\u20104179(99)00062\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5505\/tjtes.2017.93027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2021.106041"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S67941"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","volume-title":"Incidence of Klinefelter's Syndrome","author":"Perwein E","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002\u2010021491"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(04)16678\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012\u20102382"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","volume-title":"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e","author":"Bhasin S","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330640305"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-04491-9_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20103083.2004.01117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787\u2010024\u201002501\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ju.0000000000003737"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14102107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/183302a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2023.100259"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419\u2010024\u201006792\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey094"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey094"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711680111"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead224"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201810\u20101855OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa132"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148\u2010019\u20100720\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31793"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgv143"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12953"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00302"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201059698\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038\u2010003\u20100033\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008\u20105472.Can\u201013\u20103725"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13327"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2022.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33999"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2005.08.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2202"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03340130051032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1984.226"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2003.03.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2010\u20100158\u2010RS"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1311381110"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2005.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2022.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42391"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_84_1","volume-title":"Reproductive Pathology of Domestic Mammals","author":"McEntee M","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000473598"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464\u2010410x.1968.tb11832.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018\u2010022\u201004632\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2010.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441\u2010005\u20100129\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2005.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3073"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2328"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005\u20100654"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.7.1543"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der245"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1938"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.232422999"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.55.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018\u2010019\u201003101\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201025544\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011\u20102513"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.771373"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu320"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep\u201016\u20100588"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod50.3.702"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod43.5.860"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010\u20100004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep\u201012\u20100497"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047\u20102927.2012.00030.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.4.8404630"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.169136"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572\u20100241.2004.30110.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_117_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Changes in the connective tissue and decrease in the number of mast cells in the testes of men with alcoholic and non\u2010alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"34","author":"Nistal M","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Morphol Hung"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097\u20100142(197612)38:6<2604::aid\u2010cncr2820380655>3.0.co;2\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022\u20105347(17)50847\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01086"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0000000000003312"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046\u20108177(89)90125\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102559.1988.tb01990.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_13_124_1","first-page":"663","article-title":"Testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord in elderly men. Correlation of angiographic and histologic studies with systemic arteriosclerosis","volume":"109","author":"Regadera J","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"31","key":"e_1_2_13_125_1","first-page":"1545","article-title":"[Testicular histology in the aging man]","volume":"93","author":"Kaden R","year":"1975","journal-title":"Fortschr Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2020.106534"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem\u201042\u20104\u2010637"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2015101110"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000472580"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33609"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000080299.29929.f9"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_132_1","first-page":"242","article-title":"Testicular fibrosis and cardiomegaly in Shwachman's syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Graham AR","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131947"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.113002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550140108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.275065172"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02926932"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12886"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1758"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3575016"}],"container-title":["Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.13769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T11:03:31Z","timestamp":1755774211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/andr.13769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"references-count":140,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/andr.13769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.13769","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2919","2047-2927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2919","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}