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The immune system plays a dual role; it protects and regulates reproductive organs and spermatogenesis while maintaining reproductive health through immune privilege in the testes and the activities of various immune cells and cytokines. However, when chronic inflammation persists or intensifies, it can disrupt this balance, leading to immune attacks on reproductive tissues and resulting in infertility. This study provides a detailed analysis of how chronic inflammation can impair sperm production, sperm quality, and the secretion of gonadal hormones both directly and indirectly. 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