{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:34:38Z","timestamp":1790174078890,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Varicocele is associated with a progressive decrease in male fertile potential, but it has yet to be determined if the duration of varicocele is associated with altered sperm functional quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This experimental study investigated the time\u2010dependent effects of varicocele on spermatogenesis, sperm parameters, and sperm functional traits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010five mature male Wistar rats (200\u00a0\u00b1\u00a025\u00a0g) were included. After 2\u00a0weeks of adaptation, rats were randomly divided (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a07\/group) into control, 2 months sham (sham\u20102), 2 months varicocele (VCL\u20102), 4 months sham (sham\u20104), and 4 months varicocele (VCL\u20104) groups. Cauda epididymides were incised transversally and incubated in Biggers\u2013Whitten\u2013Whittingham media at 37\u00b0C for 30\u00a0min. Sperm concentration, motility, morphology, viability, mitochondrial activity (3,3\u2032 diaminobenzidine staining), acrosome integrity (PNA\u2010FITC), and DNA fragmentation (alkaline Comet assay) were determined. Histological analysis on testicular cross\u2010sections was performed using H&amp;E staining, and Johnsen's score was determined for each sample.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Decreased Johnsen score, sperm count, motility, viability, normal morphology, and mitochondrial activity were observed in VCL\u20102 and VCL\u20104 groups when compared with sham\u20102, sham\u20104, and control groups. Higher levels of acrosome damage and DNA fragmentation were observed in VCL\u20102 and VCL\u20104 groups compared to sham and control groups. A negative correlation was observed between Johnsen scores and acrosome damage (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u20130.7690;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), and a positive correlation was observed between Johnsen scores and sperm DNA fragmentation (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.8333;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). No differences were observed between the VCL\u20102 and VCL\u20104 groups in any of the analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experimental varicocele leads to decreased semen quality, sperm functional integrity, and Johnsen's scores. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating a direct association between spermatogenesis and sperm count, motility, acrosomal integrity, and DNA fragmentation levels in experimental varicocele. Longer periods of varicocele did not potentiate the negative effects, in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T01:45:35Z","timestamp":1736819135000},"page":"2294-2303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Short and long\u2010term effects of experimental varicocele"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Aram","family":"Minas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section S\u00e3o Paulo Federal University  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dunia","family":"Waked","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valter Luiz Maciel","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section S\u00e3o Paulo Federal University  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika Alexia","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section S\u00e3o Paulo Federal University  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel Lozano","family":"Guilharducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section S\u00e3o Paulo Federal University  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8340-3435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Pereira","family":"Antoniassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section S\u00e3o Paulo Federal University  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Matera","family":"Veras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Pimenta","family":"Bertolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section S\u00e3o Paulo Federal University  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Wayne State University  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Infertility prevalence estimates: 1990\u20132021."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001521"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Campbell\u2010Walsh urology","author":"WEIN AJ","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-004-0421-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.11.6.1749858"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Varicocele in childhood and adolescence and other testicular anomalies: an epidemiological study","volume":"15","author":"Belloli G","year":"1993","journal-title":"La Pediatria medica e chirurgica: Med Surg Pediat"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55809-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)01755-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2017.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-013-0165-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2020.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2020.1870756"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-018-1862-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13762"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-021-00125-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-023-01200-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32710-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)55089-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-020-00112-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-7844(07)60003-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.1.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","unstructured":"BiggersJD WhittenWK WhittinghamDG The culture of mouse embryos in vitro. 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