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In a previous study, our group observed that <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine given before etoposide, another chemotherapeutic drug, reduces the spermatogenic damage and protects germ cells against apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate the antiapoptotic and cytoprotective actions of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine in long\u2010 and mid\u2010term basis, on the seminiferous epithelium of doxorubicin\u2010treated pre\u2010pubertal rats. Forty\u2010eight 30\u2010day\u2010old male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: sham\u2010control; doxorubicin; carnitine; carnitine\/doxorubicin (<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010carnitine injected 1\u00a0h before doxorubicin). The rats were submitted to euthanasia at 64 and 100\u00a0days of age and their testes were collected for biometric, morphometric, and histopathological analyses. The numerical density of apoptotic germ cells was obtained (TUNEL method). In adult phase (100\u00a0days), the following spermatic parameters were analyzed: mature spermatid (19 step) count and sperm daily production per testis; sperm number and transit time through the epididymal caput\/corpus and cauda; frequency of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa (from epididymal fluid), as well as sperm DNA integrity (Comet assay). The testicular and spermatic parameters at both ages were improved in rats treated with carnitine before doxorubicin. At 64\u00a0days, the TUNEL\u2010positive germ cell frequency was lower in the carnitine\/doxorubicin\u2010treated rats comparatively to the doxorubicin\u2010treated rats. At 100\u00a0days of age, the sperm DNA fragmentation was also lower in the previously carnitine\u2010treated rats, as evidenced by the analysis of three parameters. Carnitine reduced the late testicular and spermatic damages caused by doxorubicin, probably providing a partial cytoprotection against the deleterious action of doxorubicin administration to pre\u2010pubertal rats. However, further studies shall be undertaken to investigate the protective mechanisms involved in such germ cell preservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T08:26:27Z","timestamp":1412151987000},"page":"931-942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Carnitine partially protects the rat testis against the late damage produced by doxorubicin administered during pre\u2010puberty"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"R. E. 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