{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:10:58Z","timestamp":1790201458253,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of clonidine, a selective agonist of \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptors, is related to the fertility impairment. Thus, it has been described that changes in the epididymal function are related to the loss of fertility. Therefore, this study was sought to further evaluate the effects of clonidine in the rat distal cauda epididymis contractions and its consequence in the sperm parameters. The in vitro effects of clonidine in the isolated distal cauda epididymis were evaluated by pharmacological experiments. The consecutive contractile responses for clonidine in distal cauda epididymis showed desensitization. The noradrenaline\u2010induced contractions were desensitized after in vitro clonidine pre\u2010treatment (10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\u00a0<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>for 10\u00a0min). Clonidine was unable to alter the noradrenaline contractions if the in vitro pre\u2010treatment was made in the presence of idazoxan (\u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor antagonist), whereas prazosin (\u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor antagonist) was ineffective. Moreover, the in vitro clonidine pre\u2010treatment increased frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contraction of distal cauda epididymis. In addition, to induce in vivo desensitization of \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptors, male Wistar rats were treated with crescent doses of clonidine and distal cauda of epididymis contraction and sperm parameters were analyzed. The in vivo treatment with clonidine diminished the potency of the contractions induced by adrenergic agonists and augmented the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contraction of distal cauda epididymis. This treatment also altered the sperm transit time in epididymis, epididymal sperm reserves, sperm lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes activity. The results suggest that clonidine was able to affect the sperm quantity and quality by decreasing the transit time related to the increase in the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contractions in epididymis, although the contractions induced by adrenergic agonists were desensitized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T08:24:44Z","timestamp":1412151884000},"page":"955-966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Epididymal contraction and sperm parameters are affected by clonidine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"2","author":[{"suffix":"J\u00fanior","given":"E. D.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Mechanism of Drug Action Laboratory Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. P.","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Mechanism of Drug Action Laboratory Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. V.","family":"Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology and Genetics Developmental Biology Laboratory Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Q. D.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Mechanism of Drug Action Laboratory Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Nichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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