{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T09:02:11Z","timestamp":1754557331503},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]],"date-time":"2015-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK Ministry of Defence"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Military training has been associated with changes in the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis consistent with central hypogonadism. Often such changes have been associated with body mass loss, though sleep deprivation and other psychological stress may also contribute. The effects of deployment in a combat zone on the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis in military personnel are not known. The objective was to investigate the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis in male military personnel deployed in Afghanistan. Eighty\u2010nine Royal Marines were investigated pre\u2010deployment, following 3\u00a0months in Afghanistan and following 2\u00a0weeks mid\u2010tour leave. Testosterone, sex hormone\u2010binding globulin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHBG<\/jats:styled-content>), follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content>), luteinising hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content>), 17\u2010hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>) and insulin were assayed and body mass recorded. The results showed that body mass (kg) dropped from 83.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.2 to 79.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.2\u00a0kg during the first 3\u00a0months of deployment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Total testosterone did not change, but <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHBG<\/jats:styled-content> increased (30.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.7 vs. 42.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.1\u00a0nmol\/L, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), resulting in a significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) fall in calculated free testosterone (435.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0138 vs. 375.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a098\u00a0pmol\/L). Luteinising hormone and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content> increased by 14.3% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and 4.9% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003) respectively. Free testosterone, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHBG<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> LH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content> returned to baseline following 2\u00a0weeks of mid\u2010tour leave. Androstenedione (AD) decreased by 14.5% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.024), and insulin decreased by 26% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.039), over the course of deployment. In this study of lean Royal Marines, free testosterone decreased during operational deployment to Afghanistan. There was no evidence to suggest major stress\u2010induced central hypogonadism. We postulate that reduced body mass, accompanied by a decrease in insulin and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content> synthesis, may have contributed to an elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHBG<\/jats:styled-content>, leading to a decrease in free testosterone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]],"date-time":"2015-01-23T16:09:21Z","timestamp":1422029361000},"page":"293-297","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The gonadotrophic response of Royal Marines during an operational deployment in Afghanistan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"N. E.","family":"Hill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Centre for Defence Medicine Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. R.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Physician in Endocrinology and Diabetes Northumbria and Newcastle NHS Trusts Newcastle, UK"},{"name":"University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle UK"},{"name":"Carnegie Research Institute Leeds Metropolitan University Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Delves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Naval Medicine Alverstoke UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. G.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Davison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust Newcastle UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"Brett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Quinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Medicine University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle UK"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust Newcastle UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Stacey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Allsopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Naval Medicine Alverstoke UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Fallowfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Naval Medicine Alverstoke UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00005.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"136","article-title":"Influence of sex hormone binding globulin and serum albumin on the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone by human erythrocytes","volume":"96","author":"Egloff M","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.5.1820","article-title":"Endocrine markers of semistarvation in healthy lean men in a multistressor environment","volume":"88","author":"Friedl KE","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/168.12.1034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00599524"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318067e2f7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.74.5.1176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.80.2.654"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-3-460"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Effects of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces training programme on body composition and reproductive hormones in male army recruits","volume":"46","author":"Sewani\u2010Rusike CR","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cent Afr J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.10.6079"}],"container-title":["Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fandr.308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T17:20:07Z","timestamp":1696526407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/andr.308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/andr.308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.308","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2919","2047-2927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2919","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-06-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-10-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-01-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}