{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T21:53:44Z","timestamp":1783979624313,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Erectile dysfunction in people living with HIV is a multifactorial disease, but the role of penile vascular status assessed by dynamic penile color Doppler echography is underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed penile vascular status in young males living with HIV experiencing erectile dysfunction, comparing them to HIV\u2010negative controls stratified into young (&lt;50 years) and middle\u2010aged (51\u201360 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This monocentric, comparative cross\u2010sectional study included young males living with HIV (18\u201350 years) on antiretroviral therapy for &gt;12 months and HIV\u2010negative individuals presenting with erectile dysfunction. We used dynamic penile color Doppler echography to evaluate penile vascular parameters such as peak systolic velocity, intima\u2010media thickness, and end\u2010diastolic velocity. Statistical analyses, including\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010means clustering and stepwise multivariate logistic regression, assessed associations between clinical variables and vascular parameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 310 young males living with HIV screened, 50 (16.1%) reported erectile dysfunction and were enrolled, with 97 HIV\u2010negative individuals included as controls. Pathological intima\u2010media thickness was significantly higher (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.004) in young males living with HIV (76%) than in young controls (49%) but comparable to middle\u2010aged controls (76.1%). Stepwise multivariate logistic regression identified belonging to the young control group, compared to young males living with HIV, as a protective factor against pathological intima\u2010media thickness (OR 0.353, 95% CI 0.138\u20130.902,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0295), while increasing age was a significant risk factor (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.18,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0247). Relative inhomogeneity of clusters was tested demonstrating that membership in either the people living with HIV or HIV\u2010negative group was a significant predictor of cluster assignment based on dynamic penile color Doppler echography parameters, independent of age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0025).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is the first to utilize dynamic penile color Doppler echography to evaluate erectile dysfunction in young males living with HIV, highlighting the association between HIV and early vascular alterations. Clinicians should incorporate routine sexual health evaluations into routinary out\u2010patients visits, using erectile dysfunction as a potential indicator for further vascular screening and early intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T09:04:05Z","timestamp":1745399045000},"page":"377-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Penile vascular status in young men living with HIV experiencing erectile dysfunction: A comparative cross\u2010sectional pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Tiecco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences SD of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia  Brescia 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