{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:18:08Z","timestamp":1790813888590,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010obstructive azoospermia (NOA) affects approximately 10% of infertile men and represents a major challenge in assisted reproductive technology (ART). A model that includes histological variants could be helpful in predicting sperm retrieval rate (SRR) after microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) in patients affected by NOA and without genetic abnormalities<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and validate a predictive nomogram integrating clinical and histopathological variables to estimate SRR in NOA patients undergoing microTESE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multi\u2010center retrospective\/prospective cohort study was conducted between 2022 and 2024, enrolling 333 men diagnosed with NOA across six academic centers. Preoperative data, including age, body mass index (BMI), hormonal profile (follicle\u2010stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH], testosterone), genetic analysis, and ultrasound\u2010measured testicular volume, were collected. MicroTESE was performed under microscopic guidance with histopathological evaluation. Predictive factors for successful sperm retrieval were analyzed through logistic regression, and a predictive nomogram was constructed and internally validated using bootstrapping techniques. Multi\u2010variate logistic regression was performed to identify independent variables associated with SRR in patients with available final pathology. Therefore, a predictive nomogram was developed and validated using 1000 bootstrap samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall SRR was 52.55%. Multi\u2010variate analysis identified FSH levels (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.049), maturation arrest (OR: 0.04;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), and Sertoli cell\u2010only syndrome (SCOS; OR: 0.03;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) as independent predictors of SRR. The predictive nomogram demonstrated good accuracy, with a\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010index of 0.75, sensitivity of 73%, specificity of 82%, and overall accuracy of 77% at a cutoff of 0.33.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using preoperative and histology data, we developed a nomogram to predict SR outcomes in patients with NOA undergoing mTESE. Our findings demonstrate that integrating hormonal and histopathological data enhances predictive accuracy of the model, thus providing a valuable tool for preoperative counseling and clinical decision\u2010making in couples presenting with infertility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This validated nomogram effectively predicts sperm retrieval outcomes in NOA patients undergoing microTESE, facilitating improved patient counseling, informed clinical decisions, and optimized patient selection. Prospective external validation and further model refinement are recommended to enhance generalizability and clinical applicability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T06:31:36Z","timestamp":1756535496000},"page":"1202-1208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development of a nomogram for sperm retrieval at microTESE for idiopathic non\u2010obstructive azoospermia in a multi\u2010center cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4687-7353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio Ivan","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0228-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3677-6412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Negri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4316-3201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Falcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Zupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8144-6498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirko","family":"Preto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8248-6857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Asmundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4185-1923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandrine","family":"Chamayou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro HERA \u2010 UMR  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Dursun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Andrology, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University  Istanbul 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