{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:49:14Z","timestamp":1791438554564,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse. The \u00b5\u2010opioid receptor involved in mediating opioid effects and may be associated with male fertility. \u00b5\u2010Opioid receptors were expressed in testicular tissues and spermatozoa, where they may influence spermatogenesis and sperm motility.\n                      <jats:italic>miR\u2010339\u20103p<\/jats:italic>\n                      was thought to suppress\n                      <jats:italic>OPRM1 mRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression in neuronal cells following opioid exposure through post\u2010transcriptional modulation. However, its role in male infertility remains unexplored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the relationship between\n                      <jats:italic>miR\u2010339\u20103p<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression,\n                      <jats:italic>OPRM1 mRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression, and \u00b5\u2010opioid receptor protein level in spermatozoa of infertile versus fertile men, and to assess their association with semen parameters, oxidative stress, and hormonal profile.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This case\u2010controlled study was conducted on 45 infertile men and 45 healthy fertile men recruited from andrology outpatient clinic, Mansoura University Hospital. Semen analysis, acrosin activity, oxidative stress markers, and serum hormones levels were evaluated. Relative quantification of\n                      <jats:italic>miR\u2010339\u20103p<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>OPRM1 mRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression was quantified using qRT\u2010PCR. \u00b5\u2010Opioid receptor protein levels were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay technique. Correlation and receiver\u2010operating characteristic analyses were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Infertile men exhibited significantly elevated levels of \u00b5\u2010opioid receptor protein (median: 6.41\u00a0ng\/mL) compared to fertile controls (5.45\u00a0ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), alongside a marked upregulation of\n                      <jats:italic>OPRM1 mRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression (relative quantification\u00a0=\u00a04.05 vs. 0.993,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), representing approximately a 4.08\u2010fold increase. In contrast,\n                      <jats:italic>miR\u2010339\u20103p<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression was significantly reduced in the infertile group (relative quantification\u00a0=\u00a00.538 vs. 1.01,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), indicating an approximate 0.53\u2010fold change, or nearly 2\u2010fold downregulation. A significant negative correlation was observed between\n                      <jats:italic>miR\u2010339\u20103p<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>OPRM1 mRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      levels (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.704,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Receiver\u2010operating characteristic analysis indicated excellent diagnostic accuracy for\n                      <jats:italic>OPRM1 mRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.916) and\n                      <jats:italic>miR\u2010339\u20103p<\/jats:italic>\n                      (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.914) in differentiating infertile from fertile men.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Downregulation of\n                      <jats:italic>miR\u2010339\u20103p<\/jats:italic>\n                      and overexpression of \u00b5\u2010opioid receptor are associated with impaired semen quality and oxidative imbalance in infertile men. These molecular markers may serve as potential diagnostic indicators in male infertility, pending further validation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T08:09:13Z","timestamp":1757923753000},"page":"1490-1503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expression of\n                    <i>miR\u2010339\u20103p<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>OPRM1<\/i>\n                    in relation to sperm function in male infertility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Elsaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Andrology &amp; STDs Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Fathy","family":"State","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Andrology &amp; 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