{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:19:57Z","timestamp":1790961597512,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Emerging evidence suggests that the seminal microbiota may play a role in male reproductive health, yet its relationship with sperm parameters remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study explores the link between seminal microbiota composition and sperm parameters to understand their impact on the male reproductive function.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n This prospective cross\u2010sectional study included 100 eugonadal adult men evaluated at a university\u2010affiliated Endocrinology and Andrology Division. Seminal concentrations of lactobacilli, anerobic, and facultative bacteria, along with serum luteinizing hormone, follicle\u2010stimulating hormone, and testosterone, were assessed alongside conventional sperm parameters. Conventional sperm parameters and seminal leukocyte counts were analyzed. Regression models were used to explore associations, and predictive thresholds for sperm concentration >16 mil\/mL and sperm progressive motility >30% were determined.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Seminal lactobacillus concentration positively correlated with sperm concentration (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.42,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Seminal leukocyte concentration and percentage of immature germ cells (spermatids) identified at semen analysis showed negative correlations (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.35,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002;\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.37,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001, respectively). Anerobic and facultative bacteria negatively correlated with sperm progressive motility (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.77,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and positively correlated with percentage of spermatids (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.72,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). The lactobacilli\u2010to\u2010total bacteria ratio negatively correlated with leukocyte concentration (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.96,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and percentage of spermatids (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.89,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001), and positively with sperm progressive motility (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.95,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). All of these correlations remained significant after adjustments. Concentrations of lactobacilli, anerobic\/facultative bacteria, and the lactobacilli\/total bacteria ratio were strong predictors of sperm concentration and motility, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n Our findings suggest that the composition of the seminal microbiota, particularly the relative abundance of lactobacilli versus anerobic\/facultative bacteria, may influence key sperm parameters such as concentration and motility. This highlights the potential clinical relevance of microbiota profiling in the male fertility assessment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n A higher abundance of seminal lactobacilli is associated with more favorable sperm parameters, while anerobic and facultative bacteria are linked to poorer outcomes. Microbiota analysis may offer additional insights into male infertility diagnostics, though further studies are needed to confirm causality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T06:10:20Z","timestamp":1762236620000},"page":"905-912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Relationship Between Seminal Microbiota and Sperm Parameters in Humans: A Prospective Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rossella","family":"Cannarella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania Catania Italy"},{"name":"Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Curto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosita A.","family":"Condorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Grillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labogen (Specialized Human Genetics Laboratory) Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Aversa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Magna Gr\u00e6cia University Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo E.","family":"Calogero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"La Vignera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1182320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201051686\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12838"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-024-03351-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu3040385"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00404\u201020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1fo10058k"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2020.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11\u20101019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.3.1031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2013.00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812874106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618\u2010022\u201001859\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","volume-title":"WHO 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