{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T07:11:43Z","timestamp":1783926703012,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most prevalent sexual dysfunctions in males. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) demonstrates potential modulatory effects on ejaculatory function, however, the effects of different stimulation frequencies remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effects of low\u2010frequency and high\u2010frequency rTMS in a rat model of rapid ejaculation and compare these outcome with dapoxetine, a standard pharmacological intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male rats exhibiting rapid ejaculation were identified based on sexual behavior parameters, then randomly allocated into four groups: 1\u2010Hz rTMS, 10\u2010Hz rTMS, dapoxetine control, and sham control groups. Ejaculatory behavior, hippocampal 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine (5\u2010HT) levels, brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and activation of the BDNF\u2010receptor tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) pathway were investigated before and after 2 weeks of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Following 2 weeks of intervention, we found that all rTMS and dapoxetine groups showed significant improvements in ejaculation latency compared with controls, with the 10\u2010Hz rTMS group showing the most substantial effect. While dapoxetine slightly outperformed 10\u2010Hz rTMS in increasing 5\u2010HT levels, 10\u2010Hz rTMS induced a greater upregulation of BDNF and TrkB expression. Correlation analysis revealed that BDNF levels were positively associated with EL (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.8817,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and negatively associated with ejaculation frequency (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u20130.8702,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>rTMS exhibited frequency\u2010dependent therapeutic efficacy in rapid ejaculation rat models, with high\u2010frequency protocols demonstrating superior benefits compared with low\u2010frequency interventions. These effects are mediated through activation of the BDNF\u2010TrkB pathway and enhanced serotonergic signaling, suggesting high\u2010frequency rTMS as a promising non\u2010pharmacological therapy for PE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T05:53:38Z","timestamp":1762581218000},"page":"1231-1239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Frequency\u2010Dependent Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Sexual Behavior Parameters in Premature Ejaculation Rodent Models"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zihang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiushi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Weifang People's Hospital  Weifang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso B.","family":"Jannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuele A.","family":"Jannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiansheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920\u2010023\u201001409\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2022.2071124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743\u20106109.2008.00901.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618\u2010023\u201002015\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x19666210517150418"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583\u2010019\u20100151\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sexmed\/qfae086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2023\u20100147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.05.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161205774913363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2020.100296"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19090957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010020\u201001055\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20071050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u2010981\u201097\u20104402\u20102_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297917030099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2125\u201011.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2021.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aja2022121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(18)32760\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2013.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13752"}],"container-title":["Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.70146","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/andr.70146","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.70146","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T06:55:13Z","timestamp":1783925713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/andr.70146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/andr.70146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.70146","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2919","2047-2927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2919","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}