{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:13:26Z","timestamp":1784913206194,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005111","name":"Rigshospitalet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003491","name":"Herlev Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovationsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The extracellular calcium concentration is important for sperm function, maturation, and survival, however, studies exploring the link between seminal calcium and reproductive function have reported inconsistent findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between seminal calcium levels and semen quality in both healthy and infertile men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 301 young men from the general Danish population who participated in a study of semen quality, and 228 infertile men who were supplemented with calcium (500\u00a0mg) + cholecalciferol (300,000 IU bolus followed by 1400 IU daily), or placebo in a randomized controlled trial were included. Each man underwent a physical examination, routine semen analysis, analysis of calcium concentrations in the seminal fluid, and blood sampling for assessment of PTH, testosterone, estradiol, inhibin B, and AMH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In young men from the general population, sperm concentration was higher in those within the highest seminal calcium quartile (Q4: 9.0\u201319.2\u00a0mmol\/L) compared with the lowest (Q1: 1.3\u20134.7\u00a0mmol\/L; 53.0 million\/mL vs. 31.0 million\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.010). Accordingly, infertile men in Q1 had the lowest sperm concentration (e.g., 6.6 vs. 22.5 million\/mL in Q3), but also fewer progressively motile spermatozoa (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.030). Supplementation with calcium and cholecalciferol did not affect seminal calcium concentration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.33), however, infertile men who experienced an increase in their seminal calcium concentrations &gt; 30% at the end of intervention had a higher sperm concentration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.048) and total sperm count (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) compared with baseline. There was a weak positive correlation between longitudinal changes of seminal calcium and serum estradiol (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.17,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.016).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower seminal calcium concentration is associated with poorer semen quality but was not influenced by calcium supplementation. Future research should focus on uncovering possible regulators, for instance, estrogens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT01304927 (registered February 28, 2011)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T08:08:33Z","timestamp":1768378113000},"page":"1261-1271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High Seminal Fluid Calcium Is Associated With Higher Sperm Concentration in Infertile Men and Men From the General Population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sam Kafai","family":"Yahyavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Herlev and Gentofte  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Group of Skeletal, Mineral and Gonadal Endocrinology, Department of Growth and Reproduction Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen 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for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e6rke","family":"Priskorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC) Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC) Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen 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