{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T07:11:41Z","timestamp":1783926701207,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male factor contributes up to half of infertility cases and reports of a global decline in semen quality raise concern for the future of male reproductive health. However, fertility trends can vary by region and population. Interpreting local patterns is crucial for understanding the true trajectory of male fertility. We describe longitudinal trends in semen parameters among men attending a single fertility clinic in Ireland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analysed 18,219 semen analyses for 15,413 men attending a fertility clinic between 2008 and 2023. Sperm concentration, progressive motility and total motile sperm count (TMSC) were analysed, with 2021 WHO criteria applied to identify subnormal results. Non\u2010parametric tests were applied to assess temporal changes (Kruskal\u2013Wallis with Dunn's post\u2010hoc test for multiple comparisons). A longitudinal subanalysis compared first and last semen samples among men with repeat testing, and grouped by time interval (&lt;1 year, 1\u20133 years, 3\u20135 years, &gt;5 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median sperm concentration increased significantly from 57\u00a0M\/mL in 2008 to 70\u00a0M\/mL in 2023 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), representing a 22.8% rise. TMSC showed a slight, non\u2010significant rise, while progressive motility remained stable over time. The proportion of oligospermic (&lt;16\u00a0M\/mL) and azoospermic (0\u00a0M\/mL) samples was unchanged between 2008 (19.5% and 3.7%) and 2023 (21% and 3.6%). Longitudinal intra\u2010individual analysis demonstrated no significant changes in semen parameters across short, medium and long\u2010term follow\u2010up, except for reduced semen volume at 3\u20135 years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Contrary to concerning reports of a global decline in semen quality, we observed a significant increase in sperm concentration over a 16\u2010year period, with stable rates of oligospermia and azoospermia. These findings emphasise the importance of regional differences and suggest that local factors such as healthcare access and lifestyle may play a role. Examining local trends provides a more nuanced understanding of overall male fertility trends and may inform targeted clinical and public health strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T09:18:36Z","timestamp":1770887916000},"page":"1164-1171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trends in Semen Quality: A Contrasting Perspective From a Single\u2010Centre Review in Ireland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9281-6792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciara","family":"Nolan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Merrion Fertility Clinic  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"National Maternity Hospital  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Maternity Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisling","family":"Looney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Vincent's University Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cullinane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merrion Fertility Clinic  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9056-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise E.","family":"Glover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merrion Fertility Clinic  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Crosby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merrion Fertility Clinic  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"National Maternity Hospital  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merrion Fertility Clinic  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"National Maternity Hospital  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6854.609"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108961"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0032-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.170370"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: Final Data for 2004","volume":"55","author":"Martin J. 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