{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:57:17Z","timestamp":1791982637296,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004944","name":"Naresuan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004944","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016204","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obstructive azoospermia, with a sustained elevation in intratesticular pressure, leads to seminiferous epithelium degeneration. However, studies using efferent duct ligation have not fully elucidated the chronic changes in the testis caused by obstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the efferent duct transection model, we aimed to elucidate the temporal and spatial progression of spermatogenic impairment in the mouse testis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male mice underwent efferent duct transection and were analyzed at five time points up to 20 weeks. A three\u2010dimensional reconstruction of serial testis sections was employed to visualize and quantitate impaired spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The volumes of the testis, seminiferous tubules, and interstitium showed 2\u20133\u2010fold increases 1 week post\u2010transection, but normalized by 5 weeks. The volume of the rete testis continued to increase, and was 9.3\u2010fold larger by 20 weeks. The impairment of spermatogenesis in the seminiferous epithelium was progressive until 20 weeks. Three\u2010dimensional mapping revealed marked spatial heterogeneity in impaired spermatogenesis: cranial seminiferous tubules remained highly viable, while the majority of caudal tubules were impaired. Furthermore, areas of severe impairment were identified in tubule regions near the rete testis in all tubules.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present results suggest that chronic obstructive stress, driven by mechanical stress and\/or local ischemia, is dominant in the caudal region and near the rete testis of the mouse testis. This study established a crucial link between obstructive azoospermia and a pathology resembling non\u2010obstructive azoospermia, underscoring the importance of evaluating such spatial vulnerability in the clinical management of obstructive male infertility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:21:41Z","timestamp":1772965301000},"page":"2280-2289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spatially Heterogeneous Impairment of Spermatogenesis in the Testis Following Efferent Duct Transection in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5532-7356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Nakata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Engineering Faculty of Health Sciences Komatsu University  Komatsu Japan"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kannika","family":"Adthapanyawanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, and Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology (CEMB) Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University  Phitsanulok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutthapong","family":"Tongpob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, and Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology (CEMB) Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University  Phitsanulok Thailand"},{"name":"AI\u2010CARE Research Cluster Naresuan University  Phitsanulok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical School, and Curtin enAble Institute Curtin University  Bentley Perth Australia"},{"name":"Fiona Stanley Hospital  Murdoch Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoichi","family":"Iseki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Engineering Faculty of Health Sciences Komatsu University  Komatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Mizokami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(20)32667\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.12.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/spmg.28218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070290604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BC20040078"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Small Tubules, Surprising Discoveries: From Efferent Ductules in the Turkey to the Discovery That Estrogen Receptor Alpha Is Essential for Fertility in the Male","volume":"12","author":"Hess R. 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