{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T11:56:31Z","timestamp":1776686191357,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POIR.01.02.00\u201000\u201000024\/17\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.01.02.00\u201000\u201000024\/17\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cell therapy, particularly those utilizing mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells (MSCs), is gaining traction as a therapeutic option for regenerative treatment in patients with limited therapeutic options. Although the safety of MSC\u2010based interventions is well established, uncertainties remain regarding how genetic abnormalities and culture conditions may influence their therapeutic efficacy. Klinefelter syndrome (KS; 47, XXY), the most common sex chromosome aneuploidy in males, is characterized by hypogonadism, infertility, and systemic comorbidities; however, its implications for autologous MSC\u2010based interventions remain largely unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we isolated and characterized MSCs derived from the Wharton's jelly of an individual with KS (WJ\u2010MSCs_KS) to evaluate their functional properties and therapeutic relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A comprehensive in vitro and in vivo analysis was conducted, including assessments of morphology, proliferation, mesodermal tri\u2010lineage differentiation capacity, senescence, expression of pluripotency, tumor suppressor, and senescence\u2010associated markers, tumorigenicity in vivo, secretome profiling, neuroprotective properties, and endothelial differentiation potential of cells cultured under 21% O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and 5% of O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our findings demonstrate that WJ\u2010MSCs_KS exhibit functional, therapeutic and safety profiles that align with results reported for MSCs derived from healthy donors. Furthermore, culture under physiological normoxia (5% O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) promoted proliferation and attenuated cellular senescence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These features indicate their suitability and safety for clinical application and underlay the importance of oxygen tension in preserving stem cell functionality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results offer novel insights into the feasibility of autologous MSCs therapy in KS patients and highlight the relevance of personalized and optimized culture conditions for improving regenerative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  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