{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T06:47:09Z","timestamp":1782715629586,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007605","name":"Aarhus Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Reduced intrauterine growth might affect male reproductive health later in life, however, existing research remain inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the association between placental weight and birthweight Z\u2010scores and semen characteristics, testes volume, and reproductive hormone levels in young men.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a follow\u2010up study of 1058 young men, born 1998 to 2000, from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) cohort, Denmark. Information on placental weight and birthweight was obtained from the Danish Medical Birth Registry. Semen and blood samples, the latter for reproductive hormone analysis, were obtained at a clinical examination, where the men additionally self\u2010measured their testes volume. Relative percentage differences in semen characteristics, testes volume, and reproductive hormone levels were estimated according to placental weight and birthweight Z\u2010scores in categories, continuously and as restricted cubic splines using adjusted regression models.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Overall, estimates for the associations between placental weight and birthweight Z\u2010scores and male reproductive health were small and mostly consistent with no association. However, lower placental weight and birthweight Z\u2010scores were associated with lower testes volume of \u20104% (95% CI: (\u20106%; \u20101%)) and \u20104% (95% CI: (\u20106%; \u20102%)), respectively per Z\u2010score lower weight. Moreover, FSH and LH were higher per Z\u2010score lower birthweight (5% (95% CI: 1%; 8%) and 2% (95% CI: 0%; 4%), respectively).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n Testes volume is an important and stable marker of male reproductive capacity. Still, the observed associations for this marker did not correlate with any detectable changes in semen characteristics, potentially reflecting that the elevated FSH observed may compensate to maintain spermatogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n No strong association between reduced intrauterine growth and semen characteristics, and reproductive hormone levels was observed. However, the association between lower placental weight and birthweight Z\u2010scores and lower testes volume, somewhat supported that reduced intrauterine growth may be associated with later reproductive health.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T06:24:48Z","timestamp":1782714288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intrauterine Growth and Male Reproductive Health: A Follow\u2010up Study From the Danish National Birth Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Gaml\u2010S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Research Unit for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nis","family":"Brix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Research Unit for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Research Unit for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus N Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra S\u00f8gaard","family":"T\u00f8ttenborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital Copenhagen NV Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Section of Environmental Health University of Copenhagen K\u00f8benhavn K Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette M\u00f8ller","family":"Dornfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital Copenhagen NV Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin S\u00f8rig","family":"Hougaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen \u00d8 Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen K\u00f8benhavn K Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siri Eldevik","family":"H\u00e5berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre For Fertility and Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Myrskyl\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Rostock Germany"},{"name":"Center For Social Data Science and Population Research Unit University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Toft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Research Unit for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark"},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Peter Ellekilde","family":"Bonde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital \u2010 Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital Copenhagen NV Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen K\u00f8benhavn K Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia H\u00f8st","family":"Ramlau\u2010Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Research Unit for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e442","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa781","article-title":"Male Infertility Due to Testicular Disorders","volume":"106","author":"Sharma A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and 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A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed)"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac241","article-title":"Selection Bias in a Male\u2010offspring Cohort Investigating Fecundity: Is There Reason for Concern?","volume":"38","author":"Gaml\u2010Sorensen A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","volume-title":"WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1250769","article-title":"Proliferation and Functional Maturation of Sertoli Cells, and Their Relevance to Disorders of Testis Function in Adulthood","volume":"125","author":"Sharpe R. 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