{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:52:05Z","timestamp":1791435125513,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polystyrene microplastics (PS\u2010MPs) represent an emerging environmental pollutant, yet their potential threat to male reproductive health, specifically the integrity of the blood\u2013testicular barrier (BTB), remains incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the toxicological effects and underlying mechanisms of PS\u2010MPs exposure on testicular structure and BTB function in a mouse model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four\u2010week\u2010old male ICR mice were exposed to PS\u2010MPs at concentrations of 0, 500\u00a0\u00b5g\/L, 5\u00a0mg\/L, and 50\u00a0mg\/L via drinking water for up to 5 weeks. Animals (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a010 per group per time point) were sacrificed at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 after initiation of exposure. A comprehensive assessment was performed, including evaluation of BTB permeability via biotin tracing, analysis of key junction protein (Connexin43, ZO\u20101, Occludin) expression and localization using western blot (WB), real\u2010time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010qPCR), and immunofluorescence, and immunofluorescent detection of macrophage activation (IBA\u20101).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PS\u2010MPs exposure significantly increased BTB permeability in a dose\u2010 and time\u2010dependent manner. This was accompanied by a marked downregulation in the expression and disrupted localization of Connexin43, ZO\u20101, and Occludin. We observed an upregulation of IBA\u20101 within the testis, indicating macrophage activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that PS\u2010MPs induce BTB dysfunction in association with multipathway responses. Macrophage activation, as indicated by IBA\u20101 upregulation, was closely associated with BTB injury and may represent a key component in this toxicological process, although its precise mechanistic role requires further investigation. These findings provide new insights into the reproductive toxicity of microplastics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T08:30:41Z","timestamp":1782289841000},"page":"1873-1881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mechanisms of Polystyrene Microplastics in Multipathway Disruption of the Blood\u2013Testis Barrier"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1054-997X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoran","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Reproductive Medicine Department of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adila","family":"Adili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Reproductive Medicine 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