{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T07:07:34Z","timestamp":1785308854364,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K08767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K08767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJSP2130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJSP2130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Spontaneous phasic contractions (SPCs) in the epididymal duct play an important role in transport and maturation of sperm. In proximal cauda of the rat epididymis, platelet\u2010derived growth factor receptor \u03b1 (PDGFR\u03b1)\u2010positive smooth muscle cells (SMCs) generate ANO1 Ca\n 2+<\/jats:sup>\n \u2010activated chloride channels (CaCCs)\u2010dependent spontaneous transient inward currents (STICs) to electrically drive SPCs.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n Here, we explored whether epididymal ANO1\n +<\/jats:sup>\n , PDGFR\u03b1\n +<\/jats:sup>\n cells may have region\u2010specific functions in generating SPCs.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Patch clamp technique was applied to isolated epididymal cells dispersed from the rat epididymis. Membrane potential changes and SPCs were recorded from epididymal tissue preparations using an intracellular microelectrode and video imaging, respectively. To verify ANO1 currents in PDGFR\u03b1\n +<\/jats:sup>\n SMCs, patch clamp recordings and immunohistochemistry were performed using PDGFR\u03b1\u2010eGFP mice.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Rat epididymal cells of both proximal cauda and caput developed spontaneous transient depolarizations (STDs) that were inhibited by Ani9 (3\u00a0\u00b5M), the ANO1\u2010specific inhibitor, CPA (10\u00a0\u00b5M), a sarco\/endoplasmic reticulum Ca\n 2+<\/jats:sup>\n \u2010ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor, or nifedipine (1\u00a0\u00b5M), an L\u2010type voltage\u2010dependent Ca\n 2+<\/jats:sup>\n channel (LVDCC) inhibitor. Ani9 (10\u00a0\u00b5M) slowed slow waves and associated SPCs in proximal cauda but not the caput. In the mouse epididymis, the proximal cauda consisted of a few layers of SMCs where SMCs in the innermost layer primarily expressed PDGFR\u03b1, whereas the caput was composed of one or two layers of PDGFR\u03b1\n +<\/jats:sup>\n SMCs. In both regions, Ani9 (3\u00a0\u00b5M) abolished STICs in PDGFR\u03b1\n +<\/jats:sup>\n SMCs that co\u2010expressed ANO1. However, Ani9 (10\u00a0\u00b5M) slowed SPCs in the proximal cauda but not the caput.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Despite the fact that epididymal PDGFR\u03b1\n +<\/jats:sup>\n SMCs in both the proximal cauda and caput develop ANO1\u2010dependent STICs, they appear to serve as pacemaker cells driving SPCs in the proximal cauda, whereas corresponding cells in the caput have a role other than SPCs' pacemaking.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:44:41Z","timestamp":1785307481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of ANO1\u2010Expressing PDGFR\u03b1\n +<\/sup>\n Smooth Muscle Cells in Generating Spontaneous Phasic Contractions of the Rodent Epididymis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9275-808X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wataru","family":"Kudo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromichi","family":"Takano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiya","family":"Izuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Retsu","family":"Mitsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Miwa\u2010Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Hashitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00256565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012515400-0\/50027-0","volume-title":"Knobil and Neill's Physiology of Reproduction","author":"Robaire B.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00331243"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP\u201017\u20100754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0570423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0680465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424\u2010021\u201002609\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441\u2010024\u201003890\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.073833"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107793.2000.t01\u20102\u201000359.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582\u20104934.2006.tb00399.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jp278888"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jp281686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.176198"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.277152"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155771"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3697","DOI":"10.1113\/JP281645","article-title":"Functional Expression of TMEM16A in Taste Bud Cells","volume":"599","author":"Guarascio D. 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