{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:46:37Z","timestamp":1790016397937,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male accessory gland inflammation (MAGI) comprises a heterogeneous group of inflammatory conditions that may differentially affect the seminal microenvironment and sperm function. However, whether transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)\u2010defined MAGI phenotypes correspond to distinct biological profiles remains insufficiently characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether TRUS\u2010defined phenotypes of MAGI can be discriminated using seminal inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and sperm proteomic profiles, and to assess their potential clinical relevance for disease stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this case\u2010control study, 20 men with MAGI and 10 healthy controls were enrolled. Patients were classified by TRUS as hypertrophic\u2010congestive (acute) or fibro\u2010sclerotic (chronic) phenotypes. Semen analysis, seminal plasma antioxidant capacity, and sperm lipid peroxidation were assessed. Seminal inflammatory biomarkers were quantified and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Proteomic profiling of purified spermatozoa was performed with multivariate and differential expression analyses, followed by functional enrichment and immunofluorescence validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both MAGI phenotypes showed reduced sperm concentration and motility compared with controls, whereas abnormal morphology was more pronounced in the fibro\u2010sclerotic phenotype. Antioxidant capacity was reduced, and lipid peroxidation increased in both groups, with greater oxidative imbalance in the hypertrophic\u2010congestive phenotype. SuPAR discriminated MAGI patients from controls with high specificity, whereas sST2 accurately differentiated acute and chronic phenotypes. Proteomic analysis identified distinct, nonoverlapping molecular signatures across groups. Pathway analysis showed downregulation of proteins involved in sperm function and fertilization, with additional impairment of motility\u2010related processes in the chronic phenotype. Immunofluorescence confirmed reduced expression of a key flagellar structural protein, most markedly in fibro\u2010sclerotic MAGI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TRUS\u2010defined MAGI phenotypes are associated with distinct biomarker and proteomic profiles, consistent with different inflammatory states and patterns of sperm molecular injury. These findings support a biomarker\u2010assisted approach to phenotype stratification and provide mechanistic insight into inflammation\u2010driven male reproductive dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T07:01:26Z","timestamp":1788332486000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Seminal Biomarkers and Sperm Proteomic Signatures Differentiate Acute and Chronic Male Accessory Gland Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8262-8376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Teveroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d Hospital Foundation IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiorella Di","family":"Nicuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d Hospital Foundation IRCCS  Rome Italy"},{"name":"International Scientific Institute Paul VI Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Mazzuccato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d Hospital Foundation IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Operative Unit of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Translational Surgery General Pathology Section, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica Del Sacro, Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele Pierpaolo","family":"Vodola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Operative Unit of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Translational Surgery General Pathology Section, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica Del Sacro, Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d Hospital Foundation IRCCS  Rome Italy"},{"name":"International Scientific Institute Paul VI Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Di","family":"Nardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Operative Unit of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Translational Surgery General Pathology Section, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica Del Sacro, Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Vergani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Operative Unit of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Translational Surgery General Pathology Section, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica Del Sacro, Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Cicchinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences Intensive and Perioperative Clinics Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Iavarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology \u201cA. 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Gemelli\u201d IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Riente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Intelligence Lab Department of Neuroscience Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"},{"name":"UOC Physics for Life Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Pontecorvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Operative Unit of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetology Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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