{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:24:28Z","timestamp":1787153068564,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>The recently published World Health Organization (WHO) infertility guideline introduces a global approach to infertility care with significant implications for male reproductive health. This review examines the male infertility components of the WHO guideline and compares them with those from the American Urological Association\/American Society for Reproductive Medicine (AUA\/ASRM), European Association of Urology (EAU), European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). The WHO guideline adopts a public health perspective, emphasizing infertility prevention, standardized diagnostic algorithms, and the central role of semen analysis, while prioritizing feasibility across diverse healthcare settings. In contrast, AUA\/ASRM and EAU guidelines offer comprehensive, specialist\u2010oriented recommendations, including endocrine evaluation, genetic testing, and a wide range of therapeutic interventions, whereas ESHRE and NICE follow a couple\u2010centered approach with limited focus on male\u2010specific pathways. The WHO guideline provides a more selective approach to management, with a neutral stance on antioxidant therapy and specific recommendations for varicocele, highlighting it as a key, potentially treatable condition. Across guidelines, there is broad consensus on core diagnostic principles, but differences remain in scope, depth, and implementation strategies. These variations reflect not only differences in target populations and healthcare contexts but also notable gaps in the evidence base. Strengthening evidence for commonly used interventions, including antioxidants, hormonal therapies, and advanced diagnostics, and promoting greater harmonization across guidelines are essential to advancing male infertility care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:26:30Z","timestamp":1787149590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Male Infertility in the 2025 WHO Infertility Guideline: A Comparative Analysis With AUA\/ASRM, EAU, ESHRE, and NICE Recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6736-2060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnold P. P.","family":"Achermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ANDROFERT Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic  Campinas Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Surgery (Division of Urology) Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Campinas (UNICAMP)  Campinas Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine of Jundia\u00ed  Jundia\u00ed Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0864-2898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thairo A.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1313-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro C.","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANDROFERT Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic  Campinas Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Surgery (Division of Urology) Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Campinas (UNICAMP)  Campinas Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_18_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Infertility Prevalence Estimates: 1990\u20132021. Geneva 2023 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/978920068315."},{"key":"e_1_2_18_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Guideline for the Prevention Diagnosis and Treatment of Infertility. Geneva 2025 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240115774."},{"key":"e_1_2_18_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010023\u201000459\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2019.0362.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ju.0000000000004180"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2025.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead150"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_11_1","volume-title":"Fertility Problems: Assessment and Treatment","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Guidelines","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaf212"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_13_1","volume-title":"Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen","author":"WHO","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585\u2010022\u201000593\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaf251"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2026.0121"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_17_1","unstructured":"European Association of Urology \u201cEAU Guidelines on Sexual and Reproductive Health \u201d (2025) https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/sexual-and-reproductive-health."},{"key":"e_1_2_18_18_1","unstructured":"Using PICO to Frame Clinical Questions https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/oet\/ed\/pubmed\/pubmed_in_ebp\/02-100.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_18_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2025.112047"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoae017"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2021.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2023.04.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2024.9924"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2023.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2024.9908"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2023.103647"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2025.0224"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2025.0223"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17501911.2026.2633977"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2024.9915"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2022.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13504"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2014.04.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.210025"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48427-3","volume-title":"Oxidative Stress in Human Reproduction: Shedding Light on a Complicated Phenomenon","author":"Agarwal A.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep\u201022\u20100126"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2021.0235"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13874"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2024.9917"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaf180"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008\u2010682x.172638"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2012.198"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2019.0827.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/s2724\u2010606x.22.05169\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/597495"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255\u2010018\u20101839\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-79102-9","volume-title":"Varicocele and Male Infertility: A Complete Guide","author":"Esteves SC","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/s0031\u20100808.18.03528\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1807\u201059322011000800026"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008\u2010682x.169562"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000479.pub6"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934\u2010018\u20100798\u20108"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_18_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2026.105658","article-title":"Paternal Reproductive Health in Focus: New World Health Organization Infertility Guideline Interpreted Through a Biological and Clinical Lens","volume":"52","author":"Esteves S. C.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/1518\u20100557.20230076"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deag056"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deag046"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(21)00843\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2022.102310"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deag041"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2026.9902"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70003"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70109"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmab030"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2025.0180"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677\u20105538.Ibju.2013.03.21"}],"container-title":["Andrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.70369","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/andr.70369","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/andr.70369","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:26:33Z","timestamp":1787149593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/andr.70369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/andr.70369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.70369","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2919","2047-2927"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2919","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-2927","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"andr.70369"}}