{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:07:15Z","timestamp":1789027635969,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mammalian sperm need to undergo hyperactivation, capacitation, and acrosome reaction to achieve fertilization competence. However, the female reproductive tract presents contrasting metabolic environments. The uterus is glucose\u2010rich, and the oviduct is lactate\u2010rich and glucose\u2010limited. Furthermore, our previous study reported that lactate plays a regulatory role in glucose metabolism through suppressing glucose uptake and glycolysis. How bull sperm maintain glycolysis\u2010associated functions when exogenous glucose is limited remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize lactate\u2010responsive changes in sperm glycogen content and determine whether CP91149\u2010sensitive processes are associated with glycolysis\u2010related sperm functions and cleavage after in vitro fertilization (IVF) under glucose\u2010limited conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fresh bull ejaculates were incubated in substrate\u2010free HTF medium to deplete the stored energy. The energy\u2010depleted sperm were treated with lactate, followed by lactate withdrawal and subsequent incubation with glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor (CP91149) in the presence or absence of glucose. Sperm motility, kinematics, acrosome integrity, metabolic flux, glycogen level, and cleavage were evaluated in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lactate pretreatment prolonged sperm motility under substrate depletion. Lactate withdrawal increased a hyperactivated\u2010like motility subpopulation. Flow cytometry showed that the lactate withdrawal increased membrane permeability of sperm and elevated the percentage of acrosome\u2010reacting sperm. Glycolytic activity of sperm was increased after withdrawal, but the induction was suppressed by the glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor CP91149. Lactate increased sperm glycogen content, which declined after withdrawal. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence detected proteins associated with gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism in bull sperm. CP91149 reduced motility after lactate withdrawal in a dose\u2010dependent manner, and glucose supplementation restored motility. Under glucose\u2010free IVF conditions, CP91149 reduced the post\u2010IVF functional outcome, which was restored by glucose supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings show lactate\u2010responsive changes in sperm glycogen content and a CP91149\u2010sensitive phenotype affecting glycolytic activity, motility, and the post\u2010IVF functional outcome. The data are consistent with a contribution of endogenous glycogen\u2010derived substrates to sperm function under glucose\u2010limited conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:18:42Z","timestamp":1789024722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lactate\u2010Responsive Glycogen Dynamics Are Associated With Bull Sperm Motility and Fertilization Under Glucose\u2010Limited Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7353-6477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Faizul Hossain","family":"Miraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima University Higashi\u2010Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute  Savar 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