{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T09:06:14Z","timestamp":1789549574592,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epithelium\u2010derived catecholamines contribute to local regulation of genitourinary smooth muscle function, but the role of the endogenous 6\u2010nitrodopamine (6\u2010ND) in the prostate remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether 6\u2010ND is produced by mouse and human prostate and its role in smooth muscle regulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Catecholamine release was quantified by LC\u2010MS\/MS. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and FISH. Functional responses were evaluated by myography and void spot assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Basal 6\u2010ND release was detected in mouse and human prostate. In mice, release was partially sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX), whereas in human tissues it was largely TTX\u2010resistant. TH expression was identified in the prostatic epithelium. Functionally, 6\u2010ND relaxed pre\u2010contracted tissues, attenuated neurogenic contractions, and reduced noradrenaline potency. Genetic deletion of nitric oxide synthases (e\/i\/nNOS\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) or inhibition was associated with prostatic hypercontractility and reduced voiding frequency. Although 6\u2010ND\u2010induced relaxation was independent of the NO\u2010sGC\u2010cGMP pathway and did not increase intracellular cAMP, it potentiated forskolin\u2010induced relaxation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings identify 6\u2010ND as an endogenous modulator of prostatic smooth muscle function and are consistent with a dual regulatory system integrating neuronal and epithelial catecholamine sources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>6\u2010ND represents a novel pathway involved in local prostate regulation and a potential therapeutic target for prostatic disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  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