{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:46:22Z","timestamp":1791809182217,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008867","name":"Department of Education of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y202455224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y202455224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Andrology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The acute post\u2010ejaculatory prolactin (PRL) elevation is well recognized, but its magnitude and recovery kinetics remain poorly defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To delineate the post\u2010ejaculatory PRL kinetics, define its recovery window, and assess the clinical impact of improper sampling timing on hyperprolactinemia misclassification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This single\u2010center retrospective cohort study included 22,590 infertile men (aged 20\u201345 years). Participants were classified into pre\u2010ejaculatory (\n                      <jats:italic>n\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      8804) and post\u2010ejaculatory (\n                      <jats:italic>n\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      13,786) groups, with the latter subdivided into 17 subgroups by sequential post\u2010ejaculatory time intervals. Serum PRL, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol were measured. The proportion of participants with PRL exceeding the local upper reference limit (17\u00a0ng\/mL) was calculated. Interaction effects of ejaculation, sampling time of day, and age were evaluated using three\u2010way ANOVA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ejaculation induced a rapid and pronounced elevation in serum PRL, peaking within the \u2264\u00a00.1\u00a0h interval (median 17.9\u00a0ng\/mL, 58.4% increase from baseline,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) and returning to baseline by the \u2264\u00a02\u00a0h interval. Other sex hormones showed only minimal changes. PRL exhibited significant diurnal variation and age\u2010related decline, but no significant interactions were observed between ejaculation and sampling time of day (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.111) or age (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.330). Notably, the percentage of participants with PRL &gt;17\u00a0ng\/mL increased from 15.8% at baseline to &gt;\u00a050% within the first 0.2 h, and remained significantly elevated through the \u2264\u00a01.5\u00a0h interval. At the \u2264\u00a02\u00a0h interval, the proportion (17.4%) was no longer significantly different from baseline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post\u2010ejaculatory prolactin elevation resolves within 2 h. This effect is independent of diurnal variation and age. Blood for PRL measurement should be collected either before ejaculation or at least 2 h after ejaculation to avoid misdiagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.70411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:01:18Z","timestamp":1791806478000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post\u2010Ejaculatory Prolactin Elevation Resolves Within 2 Hours: Implications for Blood Sampling in Male Infertility Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7066-8451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 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