{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T06:31:04Z","timestamp":1768717864495,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201010\u2010IAHU04\u2010LIRYC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201010\u2010IAHU04\u2010LIRYC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001674","name":"Fondation Leducq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16CVD02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16CVD02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001674","name":"Fondation Leducq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RHYTHM transatlantic network"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RHYTHM transatlantic network"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Veni \u2010 TTW 16772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Veni \u2010 TTW 16772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Noninvasive Electrocardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The T wave of the electrocardiogram (ECG) reflects ventricular repolarization. Repolarization heterogeneity is associated with reentrant arrhythmias. Several T\u2010wave markers (including QT interval) have been associated with ventricular arrhythmias, but studies linking such markers to underlying local repolarization time (RT) inhomogeneities are lacking. We aimed to investigate the relation of several T\u2010wave markers to controlled drug\u2010induced regional RT gradients in intact pig hearts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repolarization time gradients were created by regional infusion of dofetilide and pinacidil in four atrially paced porcine Langendorff\u2010perfused hearts placed inside a torso tank. From the 12\u2010lead ECG on the torso tank, the mean, maximum, and dispersion (max\u2013min) of QT<jats:sub>time<\/jats:sub>, JT<jats:sub>time<\/jats:sub>, T<jats:sub>peak\u2013end<\/jats:sub>, T<jats:sub>width<\/jats:sub>, TQ<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub>, dV\/dt<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, T<jats:sub>area<\/jats:sub>, T<jats:sub>amp<\/jats:sub>, and T\u2010upslope duration were determined, as well as upslope end difference between leads V<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and V<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Temporal T\u2010wave parameters T<jats:sub>peak\u2013end<\/jats:sub>, T<jats:sub>width,<\/jats:sub> and TQ<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub> show a significant and high correlation with RT gradient, best reflected by mean value. T<jats:sub>area<\/jats:sub> (mean, max and dispersion) and dV\/dt<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> dispersion show only a moderate significant correlation. T\u2010upslope duration shows a significant correlation in particular for mean values. Mean, maximum, or dispersion of QT<jats:sub>time<\/jats:sub> and V<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2013V<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> upslope end difference were not significantly correlated with RT gradient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Composite 12\u2010lead ECG T\u2010wave parameters T<jats:sub>peak\u2013end<\/jats:sub>, T<jats:sub>width<\/jats:sub>, TQ<jats:sub>ratio<\/jats:sub>, upslope duration, and T<jats:sub>area<\/jats:sub> show a good correlation with underlying RT heterogeneity, whereas standard clinical metrics such as QT<jats:sub>time<\/jats:sub> do not reflect local RT heterogeneity. The composite T\u2010wave metrics may thus provide better insights in arrhythmia susceptibility than traditional QT<jats:sub>time<\/jats:sub> metrics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]],"date-time":"2022-08-20T06:40:12Z","timestamp":1660977612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Steep repolarization time gradients in pig hearts cause distinct changes in composite electrocardiographic T\u2010wave parameters"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5471-3431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanne","family":"van der Waal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7070-2492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Bear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9  Pessac France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux  Pessac France"},{"name":"Inserm, Cardio\u2010Thoracix Research Centre of Bordeaux  Pessac France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2358-0170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Meijborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3320-6086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9  Pessac France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux  Pessac France"},{"name":"Inserm, Cardio\u2010Thoracix Research Centre of Bordeaux  Pessac France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3456-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthijs","family":"Cluitmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9433-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Coronel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux  Pessac France"},{"name":"Inserm, Cardio\u2010Thoracix Research Centre of Bordeaux  Pessac France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2017.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abi9317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.14.1.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/AC.66.6.2136950"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.117.005762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(98)90305-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup357"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jelc.2002.37148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.001622"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00933"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.01115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890801964930"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.07.014"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005485","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.117.005485","article-title":"Association between QT\u2010interval components and sudden cardiac death: The ARIC study (atherosclerosis risk in communities)","volume":"10","author":"O'Neal W. T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2016.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of multi\u2010Lead ECG markers to track changes in dispersion of ventricular repolarization in the intact human heart","volume":"45","author":"Orini M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computing in Cardiology Conference"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(94)80040-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4950250706"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1994.tb01190.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2021.07.014","article-title":"The relation of 12 lead ECG to the cardiac anatomy: The normal CineECG","volume":"69","author":"Dam P. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Electrocardiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2016.12.017"}],"container-title":["Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anec.12994","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/anec.12994","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anec.12994","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T13:46:06Z","timestamp":1692625566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/anec.12994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/anec.12994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anec.12994","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-720X","1542-474X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-720X","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-474X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12994"}}