{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:38:42Z","timestamp":1770280722687,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Noninvasive Electrocardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk stratification in Brugada syndrome remains a difficult problem. Given the male predominance of this disease and their elevated risks of arrhythmic events, affected females have received less attention. It is widely known that symptomatic patients are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) than asymptomatic patients, while this might be true in the male population; recent studies have shown that this association might not be significant in females. Over the past few decades, numerous markers involving clinical symptoms, electrocardiographic (ECG) indices, and genetic tests have been explored, with several risk\u2010scoring models developed so far. The objective of this study is to review the current evidence of clinical and ECG markers as well as risk scores on asymptomatic females with Brugada syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gender differences in ECG markers, the yield of genetic findings, and the applicability of risk scores are highlighted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various clinical, electrocardiographic, and genetic risk factors are available for assessing SCD risk amongst asymptomatic female BrS patients. However, due to the significant gender discrepancy in BrS, the SCD risk amongst females is often underestimated, and there is a lack of research on female\u2010specific risk factors and multiparametric risk scores. Therefore, multinational studies pooling female BrS patients are needed for the development of a gender\u2010specific risk stratification approach amongst asymptomatic BrS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.13030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T08:41:02Z","timestamp":1673426462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk stratification of sudden cardiac death in asymptomatic female Brugada syndrome patients: A literature review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4232-763X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keith Sai Kit","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit Cardiovascular Analytics Group  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Aston University Medical School  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Radford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent and Medway Medical School University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University  Canterbury UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Health Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ishan","family":"Lakhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit Cardiovascular Analytics Group  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christien Ka Hou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7448-9190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandeep Singh","family":"Hothi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Centre New Cross Hospital, Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust  Wolverhampton UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abraham Ka Chung","family":"Wai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Unit University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic\u2010Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5510-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit Cardiovascular Analytics Group  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Kent and Medway Medical School University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University  Canterbury UK"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine Unit University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit Cardiovascular Analytics Group  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.07.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.580811"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000104568.13957.4F"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2022.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq381"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2020.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.09.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2016.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12676"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00204"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2022.101381"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00953"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13214"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/140174301317116280"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00673-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.874992"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2008.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-14-1059"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.601294"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.887026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01223.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2006.00743.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx119"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308556"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2014.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12118"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.574590"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Electrophysiological mechanisms of Brugada syndrome: Insights from pre\u2010clinical and clinical studies","volume":"7","author":"Tse G.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012714"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-009-0075-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.01.013"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of Brugada syndrome: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"34","author":"Vutthikraivit W.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Cardiologica Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGEN.120.002911"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027983"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01127"}],"container-title":["Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anec.13030","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/anec.13030","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anec.13030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T22:42:11Z","timestamp":1692657731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/anec.13030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/anec.13030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anec.13030","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-720X","1542-474X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-720X","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-474X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13030"}}