{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:34:34Z","timestamp":1790008474804,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019407","name":"Sein\u00e4joen Keskussairaala","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006706","name":"Tampereen Tuberkuloosis\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Noninvasive Electrocardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity is a global issue with a major impact on cardiovascular health. This study explores how obesity influences nocturnal cardiac electrophysiology in suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We randomly selected 12 patients from each of the five World Health Organization body mass index (BMI) classifications groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>total<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200960) while keeping the group's age and sex matched. We evaluated 1965 nocturnal electrocardiography (ECG) samples (10 s) using modified lead II recorded during normal saturation conditions. R\u2010wave peaks were detected and confirmed using dedicated software, with the exclusion of ventricular extrasystoles and artifacts. The duration of waves and intervals was manually marked. The average electric potential graphs were computed for each segment. Thresholds for abnormal ECG waveforms were P\u2010wave\u2009&gt;\u2009120\u2009ms, PQ interval\u2009&gt;\u2009200\u2009ms, QRS complex\u2009&gt;\u2009120\u2009ms for, and QTc\u2009&gt;\u2009440\u2009ms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity was significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) associated with prolonged conduction times. Compared to the normal weight (18.5\u2009\u2264\u2009BMI\u2009&lt;\u200925) group, the morbidly obese patients (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200940) had a significantly longer P\u2010wave duration (101.7 vs. 117.2\u2009ms), PQ interval (175.8 vs. 198.0\u2009ms), QRS interval (89.9 vs. 97.7\u2009ms), and QTc interval (402.8 vs. 421.2\u2009ms). We further examined ECG waveform prolongations related to BMI. Compared to other patient groups, the morbidly obese patients had the highest number of ECG segments with PQ interval (44% of the ECG samples), QRS duration (14%), and QTc duration (20%) above the normal limits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Morbid obesity predisposes patients to prolongation of cardiac conduction times. This might increase the risk of arrhythmias, stroke, and even sudden cardiac death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.13101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T09:39:41Z","timestamp":1701337181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Morbid obesity influences the nocturnal electrocardiogram wave and interval durations among suspected sleep apnea patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2798-2115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samu","family":"Kainulainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Suni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The School of Medicine University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4182-1994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jukka A.","family":"Lipponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Care Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8252-3996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"Kulkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Sein\u00e4joki Central Hospital  Sein\u00e4joki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3134-5138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett","family":"Duce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Centre, Department of Respiratory &amp; Sleep Medicine Princess Alexandra Hospital  Woolloongabba Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4686-6112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henri","family":"Korkalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0615-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami","family":"Nikkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8130-3219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saara","family":"Sillanm\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Center Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542\u2010474X.1997.tb00325.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476\u20105381.2011.01661.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.11.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2014.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030658"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328364fb58"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806\u20109282.20210806"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152994"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00665"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2016.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.67.5.968"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2004.042473"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000628"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380\u2010012\u20100288\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.04.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00007.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.008296"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.6.1538"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.1.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1381\/096089203322618687"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2008.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708\u2010137MG"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872\u2010021\u201002105\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.926954"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890\u2010022\u201001996\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2022.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102125.2010.03660.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113220"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.20.2471"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","unstructured":"WHO Report. (2000).Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic: Report of a WHO consultation. In WHO technical report 894."}],"container-title":["Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anec.13101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T08:43:13Z","timestamp":1706604193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/anec.13101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/anec.13101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anec.13101","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-720X","1542-474X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-720X","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-474X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13101"}}