{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:46:25Z","timestamp":1770749185055,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Noninvasive Electrocardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with congenital and acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS) have increased risk of adverse cardiac events after adolescence, mainly due to sex hormones modulating the KCNH2 cardiac potassium channel. We hypothesized that sex hormones may influence ventricular tachyarrhythmia risk during the menstrual cycle in women treated with QT\u2010prolonging drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between repolarization dynamics and sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle in women treated with QT\u2010prolonging drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We prospectively enrolled 41 women treated with dofetilide or sotalol (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920) and healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200921). Participants underwent three 7\u2010day ECG recordings during their menstrual cycles, with concurrent saliva hormone measurements. Primary ECG outcomes were QT\u2010Apex (early repolarization) and QT interval (total repolarization time), adjusted for heart rate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age was 51\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u2009years in the treatment group and 42\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u2009years in controls. In women treated with QT\u2010prolonging drugs, linear mixed\u2010effects models (adjusted for RR interval) showed inverse correlations of QT\u2010Apex with progesterone\u2010to\u2010estradiol ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018) and testosterone (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026), and a direct correlation with estradiol (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). QT interval inversely correlated with progesterone\u2010to\u2010estradiol ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012). No significant correlations were observed in controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex hormones are significantly associated with ventricular repolarization dynamics during the menstrual cycle in women treated with QT\u2010prolonging drugs, suggesting a mechanism for sex\u2010specific arrhythmia susceptibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.70151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T05:12:16Z","timestamp":1769058736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sex Hormones and Repolarization Dynamics During the Menstrual Cycle in Women Treated With\n                    <scp>QT<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Prolonging Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5746-5852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneliya","family":"San","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Goldenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arwa","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Cutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"McNitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nona","family":"Sotoodehnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Kudenchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Arrhythmia Services University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"King County Emergency Medical Services, Public Health  Seattle and King County Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King County Emergency Medical Services, Public Health  Seattle and King County Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan E.","family":"Arking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McKusick\u2010Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine John Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bronislava","family":"Polonsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4146-420X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Zareba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Kemal","family":"Akta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology University of Rochester Medical Center  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2007.00161.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70484-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-008-9290-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"4010","article-title":"Electrocardiographic Method for Identifying Drug\u2010Induced Repolarization Abnormalities Associated With a Reduction of the Rapidly Activating Delayed Rectifier Potassium Current","volume":"2006","author":"Couderc J. 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