{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T15:56:20Z","timestamp":1774454180738,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":231,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Noninvasive Electrocardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia worldwide, and its growing prevalence is increasingly driven by modifiable lifestyle and clinical factors. Understanding how obesity, hypertension, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), alcohol intake, and cardiorespiratory fitness each contribute to AF onset, progression, and recurrence is essential for developing comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a narrative review of the available literature assessing six key modifiable risk factors for AF. Evidence was synthesized regarding each factor's pathophysiological effects on atrial structure and electrophysiology, as well as the impact of targeted interventions on arrhythmia burden and procedural outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Every 1\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      increase in body mass index (BMI) raises AF risk by 50%, with sustained weight loss reversing atrial remodeling and improving arrhythmia\u2010free survival. Hypertension increases atrial pressure, electrical heterogeneity, and fibrosis; resistant cases may benefit from adjunctive renal denervation. Diabetes promotes oxidative stress, profibrotic signaling, and autonomic neuropathy, reducing cardioversion success and antiarrhythmic efficacy. OSA induces intermittent hypoxia and sympathetic surges, destabilizing atrial substrates; CPAP therapy reduces remodeling and halves recurrence after cardioversion or ablation. Alcohol exerts dose\u2010dependent ion\u2010channel alterations, structural changes, and autonomic disruption. Cardiorespiratory fitness shows a U\u2010shaped relationship: moderate exercise is protective, whereas endurance extremes and inactivity foster atrial stretch, fibrosis, and ectopic triggers. Across all factors, shared mechanisms of fibrosis, inflammation, and autonomic imbalance emerge as key therapeutic targets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrating risk\u2010factor modification into AF rhythm\u2010control protocols addresses fundamental disease mechanisms and enhances procedural efficacy, offering clinicians a framework for prevention and therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.70171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:35:44Z","timestamp":1772969744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modifiable Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical Implications and Pathophysiological Insights"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Chamath","family":"Jagoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup197"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280521"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.01.374"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0975"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000029532"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01423-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1996.tb03262.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv214"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3056"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000103131.70301.4F"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.008414"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021800"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13669"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j909"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510350050036"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00135"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_16_19_1","first-page":"445","article-title":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"189","author":"Bounhoure J. P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bulletin de l'Acad\u00e9mie Nationale de M\u00e9decine"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx156"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92767-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-016-0142-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.11.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v9.i6.470"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0640-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3647817"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-014-0123-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.07.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12754"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.112.974956"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_16_32_1","first-page":"438","article-title":"IL\u20106\u2010miR\u2010210 Suppresses Regulatory T Cell Function and Promotes Atrial Fibrosis by Targeting Foxp3","volume":"43","author":"Chen Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules and Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.10.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000257123.95372.ab"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq146"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.755"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.830042"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa953"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000771"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2008.148528"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2015.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2143\/AC.56.6.2005701"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-018-1248-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.119.007598"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.119.007626"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euz183"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1340-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux327"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.07.755"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)02172-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.03.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz390"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22377"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931101"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad300"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20706"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.18.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.2.422"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv208"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-314471"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000136587.68725.8E"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa032"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1203858"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2017.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(78)80120-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-2-135"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.179713"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.04.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000768"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv625"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2009.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328342b2a9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1000027"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.009035"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1231081"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000229709.29185.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.09.940"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2008.01118.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2019.07.627"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000068337.25994.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2007.01037.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000183735.09871.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2017.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.08.641"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.57.5.468"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80348-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2015.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.03.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.195032"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023163"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072416"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011006"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.03.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060513488514"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_16_111_1","first-page":"4933","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Oxidative Stress Links Diabetes and Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"17","author":"Liang X.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.120412"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.758157"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-1155"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20110178"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.031534"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.04.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2019.100424"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.11.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.07.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.191965"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.03.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197245"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_16_124_1","first-page":"543","article-title":"Hyperglycemia Aggravates Atrial Interstitial Fibrosis, Ionic Remodeling and Vulnerability to Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetic Rabbits\/Hiperglisemi Diyabetik Tavsanlarda Atriyal Interstisiyel Fibrosis, Iyonik Remodeling Ve Atriyal Fibrilasyon Duyarliligini Arttirmaktadir","volume":"12","author":"Liu C.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anatolian Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2019.0098"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2021.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2018.11.021"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_16_128_1","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Site\u2010Specific Properties of Pericardial and Epicardial Adipose Tissue: The Effects of Insulin and High\u2010Fat Feeding on Lipogenesis and the Incorporation of Fatty Acids In\u00a0Vitro","volume":"14","author":"Marchington J. M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004060"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200509-1442OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euy117"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.7.709"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.06.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.14.1681"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eun289"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20190770"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.785626"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.547844"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eun369"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0939"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.10.1242"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2015.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01939-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487315599892"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.109.858381"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.06.488"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.04.052"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_16_154_1","article-title":"Atrial Fibrillation Initiated by Early Afterdepolarization\u2010Mediated Triggered Activity During Acute Oxidative Stress: Efficacy of Late Sodium Current Blockade","volume":"4","author":"Pezhouman A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Heart Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199902000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1157\/13095779"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv045"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.03.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr298"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012253"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002349"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014833"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.08.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/physiologia3010004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-5-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32833a1947"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2022-001962"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.10.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.000916"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-13-1387"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2015.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00285.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00.16590900"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61774-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01912-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052009"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2015.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2012.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13388"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.01.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5936180"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_16_189_1","article-title":"Positional Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea","volume":"5","author":"Srijithesh P. R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.21187"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)03258-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-018-0697-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn214"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.67.835"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2019.7769"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_16_196_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Relationship Between Obesity and Serum Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Japanese","volume":"4","author":"Suzuki K.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.121.009770"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2008.248"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-307438"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_16_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac225","article-title":"Short\u2010 and Long\u2010Term Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After First Time Ablation According to Body Mass Index: A Nationwide Danish Cohort Study","volume":"25","author":"T\u00f8nnesen J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace: European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202011-4133OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn324"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_16_204_1","article-title":"Atrial Fibrillation in Athletes: Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, Evaluation and Management","volume":"8","author":"Turagam M. K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Atrial Fibrillation"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.109.923771"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.1561"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006641"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1817591"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.01.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.10.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1598-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21911-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.20.2471"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-20-0288"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00010.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-119MG"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319246"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(86)90040-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.2029"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.03.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01280.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319451"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.01.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.120728"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2109080"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-017-0531-4"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_16_231_1","first-page":"609","article-title":"Effect of Ethanol and Its Metabolites on Acetylcholine\u2010Sensitive K(+) Channel Kir3.1 Protein Expression of Neonatal Rat Primary Atrial Cardiomyocytes","volume":"43","author":"Zhao Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12560"}],"container-title":["Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anec.70171","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/anec.70171","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/anec.70171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T15:12:57Z","timestamp":1774451577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/anec.70171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":231,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/anec.70171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anec.70171","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1082-720X","1542-474X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1082-720X","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-474X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70171"}}